How does polygenic trait differ from simple inheritance?

Answer 1

Well polygenetic inheritiance are traits that is controlled by multiple genes, so for one trait you may have more than two gene controlling it, human eye is an example. For polygenetic inheritance you cannot do a pedigree and calculated the percentage. For mendelian inheritance it all about two alleles for one trait where one is definetly more dominant over the other, it is much simpler than the polygenic trait and can be calculated through a pedigree.

Answer 2

Polygenic traits are controlled by genes at more than one gene locus. Simple genetic inheritance is controlled by genes at a single gene locus.
Many polygenic traits are poorly understood others are more straight forward.

Color genetics in many mammals is polygenic, as control of the two base colors occurs at different gene loci. The A gene locus controls black (a) and Agouti A) and the E gene locus controls red coloration. E is not red and e is red.
These two sites interact through epistasis/hypostasis where the E (extension) locus allows expression of the genetics at the A (agouti) locus only if the extension locus is Ee or EE. If both alleles at the E locus are e (as in ee) the animal will red no matter what the color genetics are at the A locus.

The A color locus is hypostatic (suppressed by) the E color locus. The E locus is epistatic (suppresses the) to the A color locus expression.

Answer 3

Polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes, each with a small effect, resulting in a continuous range of phenotypes. In contrast, simple inheritance is controlled by a single gene with major effects, leading to distinct phenotypic categories. Polygenic traits show continuous variation, while simple inheritance traits show discrete variation.