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Why is the resting membrane potential negative in cells?
The resting membrane potential in cells is negative because of the unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane, particularly the higher concentration of negatively charged ions inside the cell compared to outside. This creates an electrical gradient that results in a negative charge inside the cell at rest.
How does potassium affect the resting membrane potential of the cardiac cell?
Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the resting membrane potential of cardiac cells. It helps establish the negative charge inside the cell by moving out of the cell through potassium channels. This outward movement of potassium ions contributes to the polarization of the cell membrane, creating a negative resting membrane potential.
How does the sodium-potassium pump regulate the excess charge within a cell?
The sodium-potassium pump helps regulate the excess charge within a cell by actively pumping sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. This process helps maintain the proper balance of ions inside and outside the cell, which is important for the cell's overall function and health.
A nerve impulse results from?
A nerve impulse results from the movement of ions across the cell membrane of a neuron, leading to a change in the electrical charge within the cell. This change in charge creates an action potential that travels down the length of the neuron, allowing for communication with other neurons or cells.
What is the electrical charge inside and outside a typical cell?
Inside the cell, the electrical charge is negative due to the accumulation of negatively charged ions, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Outside the cell, the electrical charge is positive due to the concentration of positively charged ions, such as sodium and potassium ions. This creates a potential difference across the cell membrane known as the resting membrane potential.
In an electrochemical cell what is the purpose of the salt bridge?
The salt bridge allows the flow of ions between the two half-cells in an electrochemical cell, completing the circuit and maintaining charge balance. It prevents the mixing of the solutions in the two half-cells while allowing the transfer of ions to balance the charge buildup during the redox reactions.
Do sodium potassium ATPase pump causes positive charge to accumulate inside cells?
Yes, the sodium-potassium ATPase pump helps maintain the resting membrane potential of cells by transporting three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell for every ATP hydrolyzed. This generates a net positive charge outside the cell and a negative charge inside the cell, contributing to the overall negative resting membrane potential of the cell.
Why is the resting membrane potential negative in cells?
The resting membrane potential in cells is negative because of the unequal distribution of ions across the cell membrane, particularly the higher concentration of negatively charged ions inside the cell compared to outside. This creates an electrical gradient that results in a negative charge inside the cell at rest.
How do water molecules and small ions enter cells?
Some water molecules and small ions ( depending on charge, other ions need passive or active transport ) can diffuse across the cell's membrane and there are channels called porins that facilitate water molecule passage into the cell.
Why is a salt bridge not needed when the same electrolyte is used in both the half-cells in a galvanic cell?
A salt bridge is not needed when the same electrolyte is used in both half-cells of a galvanic cell because the identical ions in the electrolyte can freely move between the two half-cells without disrupting the electrochemical reaction. This allows for charge balance to be maintained as the reactions proceed, preventing the buildup of excess charge in either half-cell. Consequently, the flow of electrons and ions can continue uninterrupted, ensuring efficient operation of the cell.
What is contained in the electrolyte solutions of a galvanic cell?
The electrolyte solutions in a galvanic cell contain ions that allow for the flow of electric current between the two half-cells. These ions help maintain charge balance and facilitate the chemical reactions that generate electricity.
How does potassium affect the resting membrane potential of the cardiac cell?
Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the resting membrane potential of cardiac cells. It helps establish the negative charge inside the cell by moving out of the cell through potassium channels. This outward movement of potassium ions contributes to the polarization of the cell membrane, creating a negative resting membrane potential.
A salt bridge is needed in an electrochemical cell to buffer provide ions behave as an electrode or complete the electric circuit?
A salt bridge in an electrochemical cell serves to complete the electric circuit by allowing the flow of ions between the two half-cells. It helps maintain electrical neutrality by preventing the build-up of charge in the half-cells, ensuring that the reaction can continue. Additionally, the salt bridge can also help to buffer the pH by providing ions that balance the charge.
What molecules cause polarization and depolarization?
In excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, the movement of ions across the cell membrane causes polarization and depolarization. Specifically, during polarization, the cell interior becomes more negative due to the influx of potassium ions. In contrast, depolarization involves the influx of sodium ions, leading to a reversal of the membrane potential towards a more positive charge.
How does the sodium-potassium pump regulate the excess charge within a cell?
The sodium-potassium pump helps regulate the excess charge within a cell by actively pumping sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. This process helps maintain the proper balance of ions inside and outside the cell, which is important for the cell's overall function and health.
Could the ions go to another side of the cell through the salt bridge?
The charge of the ions go to another side of the cell through a salt bridge, not the ions themselves.
What is true of ions and their transport across cell membranes?
Ions are charged particles that can move across cell membranes through protein channels or transporters. The movement of ions across cell membranes is crucial for maintaining cell function, regulating cell volume, transmitting nerve impulses, and other physiological processes. The movement of ions is regulated by electrochemical gradients, membrane potential, and specific transport proteins.
