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An archipelago is basically a group of islands. Speciation according to the Biological Species Concept by Ernest Mayr, is -- populations whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. For example, the Galapagos finches studied by Charles Darwin. Some live on different parts of the archipelago and so have different features, adapting to their environment. These different feature obviously get passed down and are more frequent in future populations because those finches with this specific adaptation lived and reproduced better. So since there are different islands, there are different finch speciation and so the geographic isolation promotes speciation.

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Q: How does the existence of an archipelago promote speciation?
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