once hydrogen ions are outside the membrane they are allowed to flow back in. this flow is changed to energy that is stored in the bonds of new molecules.
Hydrogen pump.
water donates the electrons when H2O is separated into 2 hydrogen and one oxygen by the water-splitting enzyme in photosystem II. The electrons then enter the electron transport chain, entering a hydrogen pump which uses energy to push hydrogen into the thylocoid. Electrons get recharged in the next chlorophyll almost like a battery, finally they combine with NADP+ and a hydrogen to create NADPH. btw, two electrons are donated per H2O molecule
No. The body requires a high concentration of intracellular potassium and a high concentration of extracellular sodium.
ATP
it provides energy that powers the formation of atp
The electron transport chain releases energy in order to pump protons (hydrogen ions) from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment, creating a proton gradient within the thylakoid membrane.
The hydrogen pump may not be functioning properly
Hydrogen pump.
the hydrogen pump may not be functioning properly.
There are many different ways to store and recover solar energy. Plants store solar energy in the form of sugar. Energy is recovered from sugar by the process of metabolism. When people use solar energy to generate electricity, that electricity can be used to make hydrogen gas from water; the hydrogen can later be burned as fuel, to recover the energy. You can do lots of other things with solar energy as well. You can use it to pump water into an elevated tank, from which it can then flow over water wheel, driving a turbine. You can recharge batteries. You can compress air. You can rotate a flywheel. All sorts of storage mechanisms can be used.
Heat pump
You can use the electricity to pump water up into a high reservoir, where it then has mechanical potential energy. Or store it in a battery - chemical potential energy.
None it uses a heat pump which moves heat energy form one place to another.
Depending on where you live you may want to go to your local garden store or you can order a pump online. One place found useful is the Vermont Pond Supplies store.
None. You do not store fuel in a pump.
the amount of energy the flowing H+ ions have