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Electromagnetic (EM) waves are "arranged" according to the source of the EM radiation. The source determines orientation of the wave. Electromagnetic waves are actually composed of two waves, each of which is perpendicular to the other one. One is the electric component, and the other is the magnetic component. Depending on the source, the wave will have an "arrangement" or orientation called polarity. Let's take a quick look.

Picture a sine wave. It's moving across in front of you from left to right. It is "straight up and down" and you can see it in "profile" as it passes. Now picture another wave moving with that first one. It is lying flat, and you can't see it because you're directly to the side. You have to stand on tip toe to "look down" on that second sine wave just a bit to see it. The two waves have the same starting, midpoint and endpoint on every cycle. They are sharing the same path, but travel perpendicular to each other. This sets up a given polarity for this wave. What happens if you "roll" the wave toward you by 90o?

In this second instance, you'd have a wave that was polarized 90o from what the first one was. They are "arranged" at 90o to each other. Polarity is an important concept, and these ideas are what it is based on.

A link to the Wikipedia article on electromagnetic radiation and its properties is provided. It has a drawing that will help solidify the concepts.

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The entire electromagnetic spectrum frequencies, from the lowest to the highest frequencies, are collectively called the electromagnetic spectrum.


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