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Cycles of B-oxidation are (n/2)-1 for FADH2 and NADH. Cycles for Acetyl-CoA are (n/2). Multiply by ATP equivalents:1.5 per FADH2, 2.5 per NADH by 2.5, and 10 per Acetyl-CoA. Subtract 2 ATP from the final answer.
Palmitic acid (16 carbons):
7 FADH2, 7 NADH, 8 Acetyl-CoA
(7*1.5)+(7*2.5)+(8*10)=108 ATP
108 - 2 = 106 ATP (net).
Stearic acid (18 carbons):
8 FADH2, 8 NADH, 9 Acetyl-CoA
(8*1.5)+(8*2.5)+(9*10)=122 ATP
122 - 2 = 120 ATP (net).
Arachidic acid (20 carbons):
9 FADH2, 9 NADH, 10 Acetyl-CoA
(9*1.5)+(9*2.5)+(10*10)=136 ATP
136 - 2 = 134 ATP (net).
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What makes a fatty acid produce more ATP?
The number of carbon atoms in the chain.
What are producing more ATP in between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
In saturated fatty acid oxidation, the first step is a dehydrogenase reaction. This yields a trans double bond on carbons 2 and 3 from the CoA end. A product of the reaction is FADH2 which can be used to make ATP. In oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid, the double bond is not recognized by the dehydrogenase reaction therefore you have to use a secondary isomeration reaction to produce the same product as you did in saturated fatty acid oxidation. This skips the effective "first step" and does not produce FADH2 meaning less ATP is produce.
As a result of the Krebs Cycle what are produced?
is aerobicpyruvic acid = 3 C --> CO2 --> 1 NADPH22C acetyl CO enzyme A4C oxaloa centric acidCitric Acid 6 Carbon atoms ; 1 CO2, 1 NADPH2= CO2 & NADH25 Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid= 1 NADPH 2 NADH 4 NADH2 1 FADHR 1 ATP(2) = 30 ATP's &citric acid & NAD = CO2 ; NADP2 ; 5 carbon alpha-ketogluaric acid atoms and 4 carbon succinic atoms; 3 carbon pyruvic acid
In the liver when ATP is not needed excess acetyl CoA molecules formed from fatty acid breakdown are often metabolized to?
ketone bodies
What is the by-product of lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
How many ATP you would get from a 18 carbon fatty acid?
145
What makes a fatty acid produce more ATP?
The number of carbon atoms in the chain.
A 12 carbon long fatty acid is catabolized by B-oxidation What is the final net yield of ATP?
12 carbon long fatty acid is catabolized by B-oxidation. What is the final net yield of ATP? ________ just give the number with no words
What is the end product of fermentation in animals?
It produces Lactic Acids, ethanol, hydrogen gas, Sugar, Carbon Dioxide.
When ATP levels are high oxidative pathways are inhibites so acetyl-coa is channeled into?
fatty acid biosynthesis
What are producing more ATP in between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
In saturated fatty acid oxidation, the first step is a dehydrogenase reaction. This yields a trans double bond on carbons 2 and 3 from the CoA end. A product of the reaction is FADH2 which can be used to make ATP. In oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid, the double bond is not recognized by the dehydrogenase reaction therefore you have to use a secondary isomeration reaction to produce the same product as you did in saturated fatty acid oxidation. This skips the effective "first step" and does not produce FADH2 meaning less ATP is produce.
As a result of the Krebs Cycle what are produced?
is aerobicpyruvic acid = 3 C --> CO2 --> 1 NADPH22C acetyl CO enzyme A4C oxaloa centric acidCitric Acid 6 Carbon atoms ; 1 CO2, 1 NADPH2= CO2 & NADH25 Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid= 1 NADPH 2 NADH 4 NADH2 1 FADHR 1 ATP(2) = 30 ATP's &citric acid & NAD = CO2 ; NADP2 ; 5 carbon alpha-ketogluaric acid atoms and 4 carbon succinic atoms; 3 carbon pyruvic acid
What is an example of negative feedback in aerobic respiration?
When the cell has too much ATP the process of making ATP slows down: this leads to fatty-acid synthesis (fat storage).
In the liver when ATP is not needed excess acetyl CoA molecules formed from fatty acid breakdown are often metabolized to?
ketone bodies
What is the nutrients in fats and oils?
Fats and oils are composed of Fatty Acid chains which are themselves the source of energy for the cell. by breaking down the fatty acids the cell releases energy which produces ATP.
What is the by-product of lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
What are the carbon containing end products of the glycolysis of one glucose molecule?
the result of glycolysis: * pyruvic acid (the answer to this question) * 2 ATP * 2 NADH
