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Cycles of B-oxidation are (n/2)-1 for FADH2 and NADH. Cycles for Acetyl-CoA are (n/2). Multiply by ATP equivalents:1.5 per FADH2, 2.5 per NADH by 2.5, and 10 per Acetyl-CoA. Subtract 2 ATP from the final answer.
Palmitic acid (16 carbons):
7 FADH2, 7 NADH, 8 Acetyl-CoA
(7*1.5)+(7*2.5)+(8*10)=108 ATP
108 - 2 = 106 ATP (net).
Stearic acid (18 carbons):
8 FADH2, 8 NADH, 9 Acetyl-CoA
(8*1.5)+(8*2.5)+(9*10)=122 ATP
122 - 2 = 120 ATP (net).
Arachidic acid (20 carbons):
9 FADH2, 9 NADH, 10 Acetyl-CoA
(9*1.5)+(9*2.5)+(10*10)=136 ATP
136 - 2 = 134 ATP (net).
What else can I help you with?
What makes a fatty acid produce more ATP?
Fatty acids produce more ATP compared to glucose due to their higher energy density. When metabolized in the mitochondria through beta-oxidation, fatty acids yield more acetyl-CoA molecules per carbon atom, leading to increased ATP production through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. This higher ATP yield makes fatty acids a more efficient energy source for the body, especially during prolonged periods of low-intensity exercise or fasting.
What are producing more ATP in between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
In saturated fatty acid oxidation, the first step is a dehydrogenase reaction. This yields a trans double bond on carbons 2 and 3 from the CoA end. A product of the reaction is FADH2 which can be used to make ATP. In oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid, the double bond is not recognized by the dehydrogenase reaction therefore you have to use a secondary isomeration reaction to produce the same product as you did in saturated fatty acid oxidation. This skips the effective "first step" and does not produce FADH2 meaning less ATP is produce.
As a result of the Krebs Cycle what are produced?
is aerobicpyruvic acid = 3 C --> CO2 --> 1 NADPH22C acetyl CO enzyme A4C oxaloa centric acidCitric Acid 6 Carbon atoms ; 1 CO2, 1 NADPH2= CO2 & NADH25 Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid= 1 NADPH 2 NADH 4 NADH2 1 FADHR 1 ATP(2) = 30 ATP's &citric acid & NAD = CO2 ; NADP2 ; 5 carbon alpha-ketogluaric acid atoms and 4 carbon succinic atoms; 3 carbon pyruvic acid
What are the two types of fermentation and their equations?
The two types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation, which produces alcohol and carbon dioxide, and lactic acid fermentation, which produces lactic acid. The equation for alcoholic fermentation is: Glucose → 2 ethanol + 2 carbon dioxide The equation for lactic acid fermentation is: Glucose → 2 lactic acid.
What is the end product to fermentation and cellular respiration?
The end products of fermentation are lactic acid, ethanol, and carbon dioxide. In cellular respiration, the end products are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (energy).
How many ATP you would get from a 18 carbon fatty acid?
Oxidizing an 18-carbon fatty acid through beta-oxidation can yield around 147 ATP molecules.
A 12 carbon long fatty acid is catabolized by B-oxidation What is the final net yield of ATP?
The beta-oxidation of a 12-carbon fatty acid produces 6 acetyl-CoA molecules, which can further enter the citric acid cycle to produce 30 ATP molecules. In addition, 11 NADH + H+ and 11 FADH2 molecules are generated in the beta-oxidation process, contributing to the production of approximately 34 ATP molecules through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the net yield of ATP from catabolizing a 12-carbon fatty acid by beta-oxidation is approximately 64 ATP molecules.
What is produced by fatty acid oxidation?
Fatty acid oxidation produces energy in the form of ATP, as well as acetyl-CoA molecules which can enter the citric acid cycle to generate more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, the oxidation process generates carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
How many ATP molecules can be obtained from a fatty acid that has 20 carbons?
Approximately 106 ATP molecules can be obtained from completely oxidizing a fatty acid with 20 carbons through beta-oxidation and the citric acid cycle. Each round of beta-oxidation generates 4 ATP molecules, and each round of the citric acid cycle generates 12 ATP molecules.
What makes a fatty acid produce more ATP?
Fatty acids produce more ATP compared to glucose due to their higher energy density. When metabolized in the mitochondria through beta-oxidation, fatty acids yield more acetyl-CoA molecules per carbon atom, leading to increased ATP production through the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. This higher ATP yield makes fatty acids a more efficient energy source for the body, especially during prolonged periods of low-intensity exercise or fasting.
How many ATP are produced of stearic acid?
One molecule of stearic acid can produce up to 147 molecules of ATP through beta-oxidation, which is the process of breaking down fatty acids for energy production in cells.
Can carbon dioxide be formed by a fatty acid?
Yes, carbon dioxide can be produced as a byproduct when fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation, a process that breaks down fatty acids to produce energy in the form of ATP. During beta-oxidation, acetyl-CoA molecules are generated which can then enter the citric acid cycle to eventually produce carbon dioxide.
What are producing more ATP in between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
In saturated fatty acid oxidation, the first step is a dehydrogenase reaction. This yields a trans double bond on carbons 2 and 3 from the CoA end. A product of the reaction is FADH2 which can be used to make ATP. In oxidation of an unsaturated fatty acid, the double bond is not recognized by the dehydrogenase reaction therefore you have to use a secondary isomeration reaction to produce the same product as you did in saturated fatty acid oxidation. This skips the effective "first step" and does not produce FADH2 meaning less ATP is produce.
What does Fatty acid oxidation produce?
Fatty acid oxidation produces acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the Krebs cycle for energy production. This process also generates ATP, which provides energy for various cellular functions. Additionally, fatty acid oxidation produces NADH and FADH2, which play essential roles in supplying electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production in oxidative phosphorylation.
What is required to start citroic acid cycle?
To start the citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA, a two-carbon molecule derived from pyruvate or fatty acids, must combine with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon molecule, to form citrate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthase, and it initiates the series of reactions that ultimately generate ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
What is the nutrients in fats and oils?
Fats and oils are composed of Fatty Acid chains which are themselves the source of energy for the cell. by breaking down the fatty acids the cell releases energy which produces ATP.
As a result of the Krebs Cycle what are produced?
is aerobicpyruvic acid = 3 C --> CO2 --> 1 NADPH22C acetyl CO enzyme A4C oxaloa centric acidCitric Acid 6 Carbon atoms ; 1 CO2, 1 NADPH2= CO2 & NADH25 Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid= 1 NADPH 2 NADH 4 NADH2 1 FADHR 1 ATP(2) = 30 ATP's &citric acid & NAD = CO2 ; NADP2 ; 5 carbon alpha-ketogluaric acid atoms and 4 carbon succinic atoms; 3 carbon pyruvic acid
