Thoracic duct
A malfunction of the lymph nodes would most likely interfere with the body's immune response because lymph nodes are a key part of the immune system, filtering out harmful substances and producing immune cells.
The thoracic duct is the main vessel that drains lymph from most of the body. It collects lymph from the left side of the head, neck, and thorax, as well as the entire lower body.
Venous blood is preferred for testing because it provides a more accurate representation of the body's overall health compared to capillary blood. Venous blood contains a higher concentration of important substances like glucose, oxygen, and hormones, making it more reliable for diagnostic purposes. Additionally, venous blood is easier to collect in larger quantities, which is often necessary for a wide range of laboratory tests.
The dura mater forms the dural venous sinuses, which are venous channels located between the layers of the dura mater in the brain. These sinuses are important structures for draining blood and cerebrospinal fluid from the brain.
Antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely to occur in the secondary lymphoid organs, such as the lymph nodes and spleen. These organs are where antigens encounter immune cells, triggering an immune response and the selection of specific immune cell clones.
In your blood from your arteries flows into your capillaries. Most of that returns to your heart through your heart. Some returns through the lymph system. The lymph system carries lymph or a fraction of your blood through your system checking for pathogens. It brings them to the lymph nodes. The nodes check the lymph for infection. If the lymph nodes find infection, they start producing antibodies against the infection and inform the rest of the body that infection exist. They sometimes become inflamed when they collect bacteria faster than they can destroy it. Still, they stop it rather than let it go on through the body. They let the lymph go from the lymph nodes back to the veins and back to the heart to recirculate.
If a thrombus in the left common iliac vein dislodged, it would likely travel to the pulmonary artery via the venous circulation, as this is the most common site for venous thromboembolism to cause pulmonary embolism.
Yes.
The thoracic duct collects most of the lymph from the body.
A reactive lymph node is the same as an enlarged lymph node. Lymph nodes can become enlarged for a variety of reasons, most of which aren't serious. The ICD code for a reactive lymph node is 785.6.
Do you mean, "Where is lymph from mammary glands collected?" Most of the lymph in a human mammary gland travels, ultimately, to the apical axillary lymph nodes.
pressure generated by the heart
Dural sinus
A malfunction of the lymph nodes would most likely interfere with the body's immune response because lymph nodes are a key part of the immune system, filtering out harmful substances and producing immune cells.
A venous duct is a tubular structure that carries venous blood from one place to another in the body. The most well-known example is the ductus venosus, which is a temporary fetal blood vessel that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava.
The thoracic duct is the main vessel that drains lymph from most of the body. It collects lymph from the left side of the head, neck, and thorax, as well as the entire lower body.
No particular organ makes lymph. If you have a look at your blood circulatory system, you will see that it seems to be a closed loop: blood flows from your heart through your arteries to smaller arteries and then arterioles, into your practically microscopic capillary vessels. From there it flows into venules, small, then larger veins, and finally back into the heart. In other words, it looks much like a closed loop. If you study the lymph vessels on the other hand, you find that it flows from the tissues into tiny, then larger lymph vessels till it joins the large subclavian veins and mixes into the bloodstream. In other words, unlike the bloodstream, the lymph vessels are not a closed circuit but seem to be a one-way system. Actually, they are part of a larger closed circuit, which we only find in mammals and birds. Mammals and birds have a high pressure system of blood circulation which permits more efficient circulation and greater endurance; we can keep up a sprint or a marathon far longer than any reptile for example. However, there is a penalty. The higher pressure means that part of the liquid, the plasma, of blood leaks out of the capillaries into the surrounding tissues. If nothing is done about this the tissues swell up (we call such swelling oedema and it can be a very nasty medical condition and a symptom of various diseases) and the blood loses its necessary volume. To prevent oedema, the lymph vessels absorb liquid from the tissues; we call such liquid "tissue fluid", and once it has entered the lymph vessel, we call it lymph. Afterwards, as I said, it enters our blood circulation system, thereby closing the lymph circuit as well, as part of the body's fluid circulation. This circulation of fluid among our tissue cells is nearly as important as our blood circulation; we simply cannot function without it. It cycles a lot of substances that the blood cannot otherwise reach as such. What is more, some of our immune cells that grow from stem cells in our marrow and enter the bloodstream, sneak out between the cells of our capillary vessels into the tissues. There they look for and fight various kinds of germs and generally wind up and enter lymph vessels. On the way to the bloodstream they pass through organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes to pass on information about the germs that they found, if any. These cells we call lymphocytes. So no particular organ makes lymph. Most of the lymph is tissue fluid that is collected to send it back to the bloodstream. Most of the rest is cells that came from the blood , but were made in the marrow.