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Almost every bone in your body is made of the same materials:

  • The outer surface of bone is called the periosteum (say: pare-ee-os-tee-um). It's a thin, dense membrane that contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the bone.
  • The next layer is made up of compact bone. This part is smooth and very hard. It's the part you see when you look at a skeleton.
  • Within the compact bone are many layers of cancellous(say: kan-sell-us) bone, which looks a bit like a sponge. Cancellous bone is not quite as hard as compact bone, but it is still very strong.
  • In many bones, the cancellous bone protects the innermost part of the bone, the bone marrow (say: mair-oh). Bone marrow is sort of like a thick jelly, and its job is to make blood
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