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Summation and/or tetanic contraction. Summation is increased muscle contraction until maximal sustained contraction is achieved. Tetanic contraction is sustained muscle contraction without relaxation. If you're inquiring for the Learning Objective Review in an anatomy and physiology course, the question refers to a condition in which some fibers are always contracted... so I'm not sure if they're looking for summation or tetanic contraction - but I think it would be tetanic contraction as summation is more the process leading up to the tetanic contraction...
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What type of tissue is endocardium?
The endocardiumconsists of epithelium and connective tissue that contains many elastic and collagenousfibers. It also contains blood vessels and some specialized cardiac muscle fibers called purkinjefibers.
What some examples of proprioceptors?
Proprioceptors are sensory nerve ending in muscles, tendons, and joints which respond to variations in movement, position, and tension. Muscle spindles proprioceptors sense changes in muscle length, Pacinian corpuscles are proprioceptor which detect changes in movement and pressure within the body, and the Golgi tendon organs, proprioceptors in the tendons near the end of muscle fibers, are sensitive to changes in muscle tension.
The neuromuscular system is made up of the what?
The muscular system is made up of about 700 muscles in the body. It covers the Skeletal muscles, muscle types, head and neck muscles, back muscles, the thorax and abdominal muscles, pelvic floor muscles, perineum muscles, shoulder muscles, upper and lower extremity muscles.
What are connective tissues?
The three types are collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Some examples of collagenous fibers are; tendons, skin, bone, teeth, hyaline cartilage, vitreous humor, the lens of the eye, cartilage, hair, and placenta. Some examples of elastic fibers are found in arteries, veins, and elastic cartilage. Some examples of reticular fibers are found in the meshwork of bone marrow, the liver, and lymphatic system.
What is Visceral Smooth Muscle?
Its a type of smooth muscle that is made up of fibers bounded together to form a single unit.It is found in walls of hollow organs(digestive tract, urinary tract, hollow vessels and reproductive system.In some cases they are self- excitable.They spontaneously generate graded oscillation in their membrane potential that is rhythmical in nature called slow wave potential or pace maker activity.
What is the state called where some of the fibers in particular muscle are always contracted?
summation
Are there such things as partially contracted muscle fibers?
That is very good question! You do not have any thing like partially contracted muscle fibres, most probably. What you have got is partially contracted muscles. The muscle is more or less contracted as per the number of muscle fibres that are contracted at any given time.
What does the all or none response mean dealing with muscles?
The All or None Muscle Theory is a theory that states that if said muscle is contracted, all of said muscle is contracted. In Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning written by CSCS, they state,"There is no such thing as a motor neuron stimulus that causes only some of the fibers to contract."
Direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some imaginary line?
These muscle fibers are said to be lateral.
What is the difference between tonus and tetanus?
1. Even when a muscle appears to be at rest, a certain amount of sustained contraction is occurring in its fibers. This is called muscle tone. (Muscle tone is a response to nerve impulses that originate repeatedly from the spinal cord and stimulate a few muscle fibers.) A tetanic contraction is when a forceful sustained contraction lacks even partial relaxation.
If your muscles are sore are you getting stronger?
Not really. You have torn some muscle fibers. If it is severe, the torn fibers will form scar tissue which is not muscle tissue. People hear the phase "no pain, no gain" but that is incorrect.
What are the 7 criteria that are used in naming muscles?
Action of the muscle Shape of the muscle Location of the muscle's origin and or insertion Number of origins Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region Direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some imaginary line Relative size of the muscle
Identify and describe the appearance of the type of muscle tissue found in your heart?
The muscle type found in your heart is Cardiac, or Heart muscle. The muscle is a little wavey in the fibers, and has some holes, or cavities if you please.
How can you get more fast twitch muscle fibers?
There is no proven way to gain muscle fibers. Some research has shown that through intense explosive exercises VERY FEW slow twitch fibers will be converted to fast twitch. Other research, shown only in ANIMAL testing, has suggested that super high weight and low rep (1-3) will actually CREATE NEW fast twitch muscle fibers. But your pre-existing fast twitch muscle fibers can gain massive increases in size through explosive exercises. Examples of these exercises would be sprints, high weight low rep resistance training, and Olympic lifts. Remember, there is no proven way for HUMANS to actually gain new muscle fibers.
When might you use slow-oxidative fiber and when do you use fast-glycolytic fibers?
Slow Oxidative: These muscle fibers twitch at a very slow rate and are very resistant to fatigue. The peak force exerted by these muscles is also very low. Slow muscle fibers have a lot of oxidative enzymes but they are low in ATP activity. Slow oxidative fibers are used for aerobic activities Fast-glycolytic fibers: Some muscle fibers can contract at a fast rate and produce a large peak force while being resistant to tiring even after many cycles. These fibers are have a large ATP activity and are high in oxidative and glycolytic enzymes. These fibers are used for anaerobic activities that need to be sustained over prolonged intervals of time.
When might use slow-oxidative fiber and when do you use fast-glycolytic fibers?
Slow Oxidative: These muscle fibers twitch at a very slow rate and are very resistant to fatigue. The peak force exerted by these muscles is also very low. Slow muscle fibers have a lot of oxidative enzymes but they are low in ATP activity. Slow oxidative fibers are used for aerobic activities Fast-glycolytic fibers: Some muscle fibers can contract at a fast rate and produce a large peak force while being resistant to tiring even after many cycles. These fibers are have a large ATP activity and are high in oxidative and glycolytic enzymes. These fibers are used for anaerobic activities that need to be sustained over prolonged intervals of time.
How do your muscles inlarge?
Working out with weights will stress the muscles so that, while you rest, they rebuild bigger and stronger. Trauma to the Muscle: Activating The Satellite Cells When muscles undergo intense exercise, as from a resistance training bout, there is trauma to the muscle fibers that is referred to as muscle injury or damage in scientific investigations. This disruption to muscle cell organelles activates satellite cells, which are located on the outside of the muscle fibers between the basal lamina (basement membrane) and the plasma membrane (sarcolemma) of muscles fibers to proliferate to the injury site (Charge and Rudnicki 2004). In essence, a biological effort to repair or replace damaged muscle fibers begins with the satellite cells fusing together and to the muscles fibers, often leading to increases in muscle fiber cross-sectional area or hypertrophy. The satellite cells have only one nucleus and can replicate by dividing. As the satellite cells multiply, some remain as organelles on the muscle fiber where as the majority differentiate (the process cells undergo as they mature into normal cells) and fuse to muscle fibers to form new muscle protein stands (or myofibrils) and/or repair damaged fibers. Thus, the muscle cells' myofibrils will increase in thickness and number. After fusion with the muscle fiber, some satellite cells serve as a source of new nuclei to supplement the growing muscle fiber. With these additional nuclei, the muscle fiber can synthesize more proteins and create more contractile myofilaments, known as actin and myosin, in skeletal muscle cells. It is interesting to note that high numbers of satellite cells are found associated within slow-twitch muscle fibers as compared to fast-twitch muscle fibers within the same muscle, as they are regularly going through cell maintenance repair from daily activities
