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Radiation has two primary bad effects: mutation and cellular damage.

Radiation has been shown to be a strong mutagen; that is, to cause a much higher level of random changes during cell mitosis (replication/reproduction). As the odds that a mutation are harmful are much higher than it being beneficial, radiation will generally cause a large number of bad mutations to occur. This usually results in some form of cancer.

Direct cellular damage is also possible from radiation. This is due to radiation being able to break DNA and RNA strands, not just cause mutations in them. Thus, radiation can directly lead to premature (or, even immediate) cell death.

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Related Questions

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