A.ATP.B.the sun.C.NADPH+.D.bulk flow.E.chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts are the organelles found in plant cells that absorb energy from sunlight and use that energy to drive chemical reactions through a process called photosynthesis, which produces sugars and oxygen.
The transfer of energy from nutrients to ATP is most directly accomplished through the process of cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. During cellular respiration, energy is extracted from nutrients in the form of electrons, which drive the production of ATP through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP may be directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule. A key feature in the way cells manage their energy resources to do this work is energy coupling, the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one. ATP is responsible for mediating most energy coupling in cells, and in most cases it acts as the immediate source of energy that powers cellular work.
In cells, ATP temporarily stores energy in the phosphate bonds that can be rapidly released to drive cellular processes such as muscle contraction, active transport, and enzyme reactions.
Photosynthesis primarily relies on the sun's light energy, which is captured by chlorophyll in plant cells to drive the photosynthetic process. While some heat energy may be generated as a byproduct of photosynthesis, it is not the main source of energy for the process.
The energy to drive the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis comes from sunlight, specifically from the absorption of light by chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts of plant cells. This absorbed light energy is then converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which are used in the subsequent stages of photosynthesis to produce glucose.
Solar energy can be converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells, which convert sunlight directly into electricity. On the other hand, solar energy can be collected as heat using solar thermal systems, where sunlight is used to heat a fluid that produces steam to drive a turbine and generate electricity.
Chloroplasts are the organelles found in plant cells that absorb energy from sunlight and use that energy to drive chemical reactions through a process called photosynthesis, which produces sugars and oxygen.
The transfer of energy from nutrients to ATP is most directly accomplished through the process of cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. During cellular respiration, energy is extracted from nutrients in the form of electrons, which drive the production of ATP through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
The energy from the hydrolysis of ATP may be directly coupled to endergonic processes by the transfer of the phosphate group to another molecule. A key feature in the way cells manage their energy resources to do this work is energy coupling, the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one. ATP is responsible for mediating most energy coupling in cells, and in most cases it acts as the immediate source of energy that powers cellular work.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
when a car drive up a hill it gains potential energy and when it comes down the hill it gains kinetic energy.
carbohydrates and lipids
Energy can be furnished to a cell by extracting it directly from glucose through the process of cellular respiration, which produces ATP. The energy stored in ATP molecules can then be used to drive various cellular activities and processes.
In cells, ATP temporarily stores energy in the phosphate bonds that can be rapidly released to drive cellular processes such as muscle contraction, active transport, and enzyme reactions.
The energy for photosynthesis reactions comes from sunlight. These reactions take place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the thylakoid membrane where pigments like chlorophyll capture light energy to drive the process of photosynthesis.