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Housekeeping genes are genes that are constantly active and essential for basic cellular functions. Some common examples found in biological systems include genes encoding for proteins involved in cell structure (e.g. actin and tubulin), metabolism (e.g. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), and gene expression (e.g. ribosomal proteins). These genes are necessary for the normal functioning of cells and are often used as reference genes in gene expression studies.
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What does beta mercaptoethanol do in biological systems?
Beta mercaptoethanol is a reducing agent commonly used in biological systems to break disulfide bonds in proteins, which helps to denature and unfold the proteins. This can be useful in various laboratory techniques such as protein purification and Western blotting.
Is ATP stable or unstable in biological systems?
ATP is stable in biological systems.
Can aspartic acid be phosphorylated in biological systems?
Yes, aspartic acid can be phosphorylated in biological systems.
Which amino acids can be phosphorylated in biological systems?
In biological systems, amino acids such as serine, threonine, and tyrosine can be phosphorylated.
Does protein folding increase entropy in biological systems?
Yes, protein folding increases entropy in biological systems.
What does beta mercaptoethanol do in biological systems?
Beta mercaptoethanol is a reducing agent commonly used in biological systems to break disulfide bonds in proteins, which helps to denature and unfold the proteins. This can be useful in various laboratory techniques such as protein purification and Western blotting.
When was Journal of Biological Systems created?
Journal of Biological Systems was created in 1993.
Is ATP stable or unstable in biological systems?
ATP is stable in biological systems.
Is dehydrogenation reaction a biological oxidation?
Yes, dehydrogenation reactions involve the removal of hydrogen atoms. In biological systems, these reactions are commonly involved in the oxidation of substrates to generate energy in processes such as cellular respiration.
What are the simplest infectious biological systems?
The simplest infectious biological systems are single-celled microorganisms like bacteria and viruses that have the ability to infect a host organism, replicate within it, and cause disease. Examples include E. coli bacteria and the influenza virus.
What is the charge of phosphates in biological systems?
In biological systems, phosphates typically carry a charge of -3.
Can aspartic acid be phosphorylated in biological systems?
Yes, aspartic acid can be phosphorylated in biological systems.
Which amino acids can be phosphorylated in biological systems?
In biological systems, amino acids such as serine, threonine, and tyrosine can be phosphorylated.
Does protein folding increase entropy in biological systems?
Yes, protein folding increases entropy in biological systems.
What are examples of electrical conduction?
Examples of electrical conduction include the flow of electricity through a conducting material like copper wire, the movement of ions in an electrolyte solution, and the transmission of nerve impulses in biological systems.
What does crystal violet bind to in biological systems?
Crystal violet binds to nucleic acids, specifically DNA, in biological systems.
Can aspartate be phosphorylated in biological systems?
Yes, aspartate can be phosphorylated in biological systems through the addition of a phosphate group to its structure.
