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What is the alternative pathway of complement activation and how does it contribute to the immune response?
The alternative pathway of complement activation is a part of the immune system that helps to identify and destroy harmful pathogens. It is a rapid and efficient process that can be activated without the need for specific antibodies. This pathway plays a crucial role in the early stages of the immune response by enhancing inflammation, promoting phagocytosis, and directly killing pathogens.
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What are the differences between the classical and alternative pathways in the context of immune response activation?
The classical pathway is part of the innate immune response and is activated by specific molecules on pathogens. The alternative pathway is also part of the innate immune response but is activated by different molecules. Both pathways lead to the activation of the complement system, which helps to eliminate pathogens from the body.
How is the alternative pathway activated in the immune response?
The alternative pathway in the immune response is activated when certain molecules on the surface of pathogens, called microbial patterns, are recognized by proteins in the blood. This recognition triggers a cascade of reactions that lead to the activation of the alternative pathway, which helps to eliminate the pathogen.
What would be the likely outcome if a microbe could prevent the activation of C3 in the complement cascade?
If a microbe can prevent the activation of C3 in the complement cascade, it would likely evade the host immune response and avoid being targeted for destruction. This evasion strategy could help the microbe establish infection and cause disease without being effectively eliminated by the immune system.
What are the 5 steps to a reflex arc?
Arrival of stimulus, Activation of a sensory neuron, Information processing by an interneuron, Activation of a motor neuron, The response by an effector. Straight out of my anatomy text book.
In general parasympathetic activation will produce effects that are to those produced by activation of sympathetic neurons?
Parasympathetic activation tends to have opposite effects to sympathetic activation. This means that parasympathetic activation typically promotes "rest and digest" functions such as slowing heart rate, promoting digestion, and relaxing muscles, while sympathetic activation triggers the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to muscles.
What are the differences between the classical and alternative pathways in the context of immune response activation?
The classical pathway is part of the innate immune response and is activated by specific molecules on pathogens. The alternative pathway is also part of the innate immune response but is activated by different molecules. Both pathways lead to the activation of the complement system, which helps to eliminate pathogens from the body.
Which immune response would not occur when staphylococcus aureus enters the bloodstream?
The specific immune response that may not occur when Staphylococcus aureus enters the bloodstream is the activation of the complement system. This response involves a series of proteins that help to eliminate invading microorganisms, but certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus possess proteins that can inhibit or evade complement activation, allowing the bacterium to evade immune detection and destruction.
How is the alternative pathway activated in the immune response?
The alternative pathway in the immune response is activated when certain molecules on the surface of pathogens, called microbial patterns, are recognized by proteins in the blood. This recognition triggers a cascade of reactions that lead to the activation of the alternative pathway, which helps to eliminate the pathogen.
What is an addiment?
An addiment is an alternative term used in immunology for a complement, one of several blood proteins which work with antibodies during an immune response.
What would be the likely outcome if a microbe could prevent the activation of C3 in the complement cascade?
If a microbe can prevent the activation of C3 in the complement cascade, it would likely evade the host immune response and avoid being targeted for destruction. This evasion strategy could help the microbe establish infection and cause disease without being effectively eliminated by the immune system.
Which activity is parts of the inflammatory response?
complement proteins signaling phagocytes.
What are the 5 steps to a reflex arc?
Arrival of stimulus, Activation of a sensory neuron, Information processing by an interneuron, Activation of a motor neuron, The response by an effector. Straight out of my anatomy text book.
Which activity is part of inflammatory response?
Complement proteins signaling phagocytes
The fight or flight response is the term used to describe activation of the?
sympathetic division
What is the role of complement system in immune response?
The role of a complement system in immune response is to make sure that no bad cells penetrate the immune system. A complement system of immunization might be a series of shots, like booster shots for immunizations.
What is a complement fixation?
Laboratory tests. a complement fixation (CF) test is based on.if antibodies are formed in the body in response to the illness, then the antigen and the antibody will form complexes.The serum complement fixation.confirms the presence of antibodies.
What are produced in response to hormonal activation of G proteins?
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and intracellular calcium are produced in response to hormonal activation of G proteins. These second messengers play key roles in transmitting signals inside the cell in response to hormone binding to cell surface receptors.
