As the population size increases, the probability that an allele will fix in the population also increases. This is because larger populations provide more opportunities for the allele to spread and become fixed.
The influence of genetic drift on allele frequencies increases as the population size decreases. In smaller populations, random fluctuations in allele frequencies due to sampling effects have a greater impact on the overall genetic composition. Additionally, genetic drift is more pronounced in isolated populations where there is limited gene flow, leading to greater changes in allele frequencies over time.
A bottleneck can reduce genetic diversity by decreasing the population size, leading to a loss of alleles. This can increase the likelihood of genetic drift and limit the ability of the population to adapt to changing environments. It can also increase the frequency of deleterious alleles due to random fluctuations in the small population.
bottleneck (apex) [correct]
Mutation rates are small but constant. With a typical mutation rate of 1 x 10-6, it is expected that 1 out of a million individuals in a population will carry the mutation. If the population size is small (10,000 or fewer individuals), the probability that the mutation will be present is small (~1% with 104 individuals). If population sizes are large (107 or more individuals), the probability that the mutation will be present is large (~10 mutants expected if 107 individuals are in the population). Mutations can be lost from populations through genetic drift, and large populations experience less genetic drift than small populations. Thus mutations are more likely to exist and persist in large populations than in small populations.
Allele frequency is inherently stable.
The influence of genetic drift on allele frequencies increases as the population size decreases. In smaller populations, random fluctuations in allele frequencies due to sampling effects have a greater impact on the overall genetic composition. Additionally, genetic drift is more pronounced in isolated populations where there is limited gene flow, leading to greater changes in allele frequencies over time.
Exponential
The population increases too.
In the context of a sample of size n out of a population of N, any sample of size n has the same probability of being selected. This is equivalent to the statement that any member of the population has the same probability of being included in the sample.
Like the populations of many other living organisms,the size of the human population tends to increase with time.
In a probability sample, each unit has the same probability of being included in the sample. Equivalently, given a sample size, each sample of that size from the population has the same probability of being selected. This is not true for non-probability sampling.
The answer depends on how big the litter is: as the litter size increases the probability of one black fur increases. But as it gets larger still, the probability falls because two or more black furs become more probable.
A bottleneck can reduce genetic diversity by decreasing the population size, leading to a loss of alleles. This can increase the likelihood of genetic drift and limit the ability of the population to adapt to changing environments. It can also increase the frequency of deleterious alleles due to random fluctuations in the small population.
A probability sample is one in which each member of the population has the same probability of being included. An alternative and equivalent definition is that it is a sample such that the probability of selecting that particular sample is the same for all samples of that size which could be drawn from the population.
Temperature
bottleneck (apex) [correct]
starvation increases to the point where this population is maintained.