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The three ossicles (little bones) of the middle ear amplify sound in two ways:

  1. the size of the eardrum is different from the stapes/stirrup. The concentration of the vibration from the large eardrum to the small stapes, the pressure is much greater. This is called hydraulic multiplication.
  2. The size of each ossicle is another factor. The malleus/hammer is longer than the incus. the malleus moves a greater distance, and the incus moves with greater force (E = force x distance).
Thus the pressure felt in the coclear fluid is 22 times the pressure felt at the eardrum and the sound information is passed to the mechanoreceptors where it is turned into electrical energy and sent to the brain for interpretation.
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Q: What are 2 ways the ossicles amplify sound?
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The stapes (aka stirrup) is the smallest of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear. These "little bones" amplify and transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the oval window. The stapes is in direct contact with the oval window.


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All mammals have the standard 3 auditory ossicles of the middle ear. This sets them apart from the other animals. These bones amplify and transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to the oval window.tympanic side = malleus or hammermiddle = incus or anviloval window side = stapes or stirrup


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