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Pairs of chromosomes are not attached. Before mitosis chromosomes replicate themselves, these twin identical chromosomes are attached at the centromere. before cell division the cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) but has 2 copies of each individual chromosome called chromatids,(making a total of 92 chromosones, 46 for each daughter cell) which are joined at the centromere giving the characteristic X shape. Pairs are not joined, chromatids are.

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What are chromosome pairs 1-22 referred to as in genetics?

Chromosome pairs 1-22 are referred to as autosomes in genetics.


Are sister chromatids still attached in prophase 2 of meiosis?

No, sister chromatids are separated during anaphase of meiosis I. In prophase II of meiosis, each chromatid (now called a chromosome) pairs with its homologous chromosome, but they are not connected as sister chromatids.


If a chromosome replicates but remains attached does it count as one or two chromosomes?

I don't know weather you mean attached to the chromosome "bundle" (made of chromosomes wrapped in a tight ball) or attached to the cell (as in remaining within the cell membrain). But chromosomes come in pairs of 23. Every cell (excluding gametes) come with 46 chromosomes which come in 2 sets of 23. this cell would have not 46 but 92 if the chromosomes had replicated but not broken off into a new cell - and so would have 4 pairs of chromosomes, or 2 sets. This division happens at the start of meiosis and mitosis, however usually they then go on to divide into 2 new cells (and eventually 4 in meiosis)


How many bases does a single human chromosome contain?

Every chromosome is a different size so the number of base pairs is different for each chromosome. X chromosome has more that 153 million base pairs (greater that 306 million bases) Y chromosome has around 50 million base pairs (around 100 million bases)


How many possible homologous chromosome alignments are there?

There are 2n possible homologous chromosome alignments, where n is the number of homologous pairs of chromosomes.