Anterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves.
Intercostal spaces
In between human ribs are layers of intercostal muscles, nerves, and blood vessels that help support and protect the ribcage. Additionally, there is a thin layer of connective tissue called the intercostal membrane that separates each rib.
locate collar bone, right below is the first intercostal space then the second rib folows by second intercostal etc.
The spinal nerve is not a nerve plexus. Nerve plexuses are complex interwoven networks of nerves that form in the peripheral nervous system, whereas spinal nerves are the mixed nerves that emerge from the spinal cord and are not organized in a plexus-like fashion.
That is a good question. You have twelve intercostal nerves going between your ribs. They supply the intercostal muscles and carry back the sensations. You have the brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexuses. They are complicated as on today. But long back in evolution scale they were parallel. There complicated arrangement tells the the movement of muscle mass during evolution.
The Phrenic & Intercostal nerves.
The primary nerves involved in breathing are the phrenic nerve and the intercostal nerves. The phrenic nerve controls the diaphragm, the main muscle involved in breathing, while the intercostal nerves control the muscles between the ribs that help with the mechanics of breathing.
The abdominal muscles are primarily innervated by the lower intercostal nerves, which originate from the thoracic spinal nerves. These nerves come together to form the lower thoracic intercostal nerves and the subcostal nerve, collectively contributing to the innervation of the abdominal muscles.
The visceral pleura is innervated by autonomic nerves that travel with the bronchial blood vessels. The parietal pleura is innervated by somatic nerves, specifically the intercostal nerves and the phrenic nerve.
In the 6th intercostal space, important structures found include the internal mammary artery and vein, and the intercostal muscles and nerves. Additionally, in the left 6th intercostal space, the cardiac apex is located.
The major function of the phrenic nerves is to innervate the diaphragm, which is the primary muscle responsible for respiration. These nerves play a crucial role in controlling the movement of the diaphragm during breathing by sending signals from the brain to the diaphragm muscle. Dysfunction of the phrenic nerves can lead to respiratory issues and difficulty breathing.
Intercostal spaces
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In between human ribs are layers of intercostal muscles, nerves, and blood vessels that help support and protect the ribcage. Additionally, there is a thin layer of connective tissue called the intercostal membrane that separates each rib.
locate collar bone, right below is the first intercostal space then the second rib folows by second intercostal etc.
The ventral rami serves as a form of intercostal nerves, which supply the muscles between the ribs and the skin and muscles of the anterior and lateral trunk.
The acute viral infection that affects the intercostal nerves is called herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles. It is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. Shingles is characterized by a painful rash and can lead to complications such as postherpetic neuralgia. The infection typically presents as a localized, blistering rash along a dermatome corresponding to the affected nerves.