A bone, such as the http://www.answers.com/topic/os-trigonum, not present in all people, that develops from a separate centre of ossification from the parent bone to which it may or may not be joined.
"Accessory (supernumerary) bones develop when additional ossification centers appear and form extra bones. Many bones develop from several centers of ossification, and the separate parts normally fuse. Sometimes one of these centers fails to fuse with the main bone, giving the appearance of an extra bone; but careful study shows that the apparent extra bone is a missing part of the main bone. Circumscribed areas of bone are often seen along the sutures of the cranium where the flat bones abut, particularly those related to the parietal bone. These small, irregular, worm-like bones are sutural bones. It is important to know that accessory bones are common in the foot, to avoid mistaking them for bone fragments in radiographs and other medical images". Moore & Dalley. Clinical Oriented Anatomy. 5th edition. pg 21.
Flat bones in the human body are thin, flattened bones that provide protection and a broad surface for muscle attachment. Examples include the skull bones, ribs, sternum, and shoulder blades. These bones often contain red bone marrow, which is responsible for producing blood cells.
The classification you are referring to is irregular bones. These bones have complex shapes and do not fit into other categories like long, short, or flat bones. Examples include vertebrae in the spine and certain bones in the face like the sphenoid and ethmoid bones.
Bones can be classified in four different ways, namely according to shape, region, development and structure. major classification is according to shape. there there are seven different types of bones namely long, short, flat ,irregular,pneumatic, sesamoid, accesory (supernumerary) and heterotrophic.
The sternum and the skull are examples of flat bones. These bones are thin and broad, providing protection for internal organs and serving as attachment points for muscles.
The council has supernumerary members so that there will be the required number for voting will be present even when some members are absent.
creation of supernumerary post
The bones of the skull are the Frontal, Temporal*, Occipital, Parietal*, Maxilla and Mandible.* = The Temporal and Parietal bones are actually pairs of bones, with one on each side of the human head (both are in the area of one's ear)
"Accessory (supernumerary) bones develop when additional ossification centers appear and form extra bones. Many bones develop from several centers of ossification, and the separate parts normally fuse. Sometimes one of these centers fails to fuse with the main bone, giving the appearance of an extra bone; but careful study shows that the apparent extra bone is a missing part of the main bone. Circumscribed areas of bone are often seen along the sutures of the cranium where the flat bones abut, particularly those related to the parietal bone. These small, irregular, worm-like bones are sutural bones. It is important to know that accessory bones are common in the foot, to avoid mistaking them for bone fragments in radiographs and other medical images". Moore & Dalley. Clinical Oriented Anatomy. 5th edition. pg 21.
Supers - from "supernumerary actors"
In my opinion, yes. Some alien races have supernumerary body parts (i.e. multiple heads, arms, legs, fingers and toes, etc.). But currently, it is unknown.
There are lots of them! Here are some you have probably used: circumnavigation descriminatory incomprehensible Here are some to expand your vocabulary: antediluvian anticoagulants disambiguation discontinuity indefatigable prestidigitation sesquicentennial superannuated supernumerary verisimilitude
An extra.
supernumerary
Examples: ice, concrete, steel, wood, paper, bones, bread, etc.
skull
An extra