What are the evolutionary relationships between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have prokaryote-like features. For example, although most of the DNA in eukaryotic cells resides in the nucleus, both mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA molecules in their inner compartments. Mitochondrial and chloroplastic ribosomes are similar to the ribosomes of prokaryotes. The endosymbiont theory proposes that eukaryotic organisms evolved from prokaryotic ancestors; this idea supports the notion that organelles evolved from prokaryotic organisms that originally lived inside larger cells, eventually losing the ability to function as autonomous organisms

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells likely evolved from prokaryotic cells through a process called endosymbiosis, where a prokaryotic cell engulfed another prokaryotic cell that eventually evolved into an organelle. This led to the development of more complex structures and functions in eukaryotic cells. Despite their differences, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share common ancestry and certain fundamental cellular processes.