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This answer can be as complex as the brain itself. Books are written about it. BUT the basics are: The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord and the PNS involves the nerves that come and go from the CNS. The base units are the cells called neruons. There are three main types: sensory neurons (incoming info) and motor neuron (out going info or action) and a go-between) called an interneuron.

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