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Answer:

Plants use Photosynthisis to make nutrients. In this process, Sunlight is used to remove the carbon atom from CO2 (Carbondioxide) and combine it with H2O (Water), creating sugars, oils, starches and cellulose compounds. These starches and sugars are consumed by the plant in much the same way as animals consume food.

Animals use a Metabolic system, where carbon based foods (sugars, oils, and starches) are combined with oxygen to produce energy. This is essentially the exact opposite of photosynthesis.

Answer: There are hot thermal vents in the ocean floor (known as "black smokers", that support life which depends on oxidants other than oxygen. Organisms, such as archaea and extremophiles, use the heat, methane, and sulfur compounds into energy through chemosynthesis. Other creatures use these organisms for food.

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