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The R groups of amino acids cause the difference in amino acid. The R group is joined at the alpha carbon of amino acid. There are four group joined at one carbon, viz. an acid group --COOH, and an amino group --NH3, one hydrogen and a functional group (R group).

Except R group all the groups are same in every amino acid.

So on the basis of R group i.e., functional group, there occur differences EITHER it is polar or non-polar nature OR acidity or basicty.

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