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What do 5' and 3' mean when talking about a cell reproducing itself?
Wiki User
∙ 15y ago
The symbols 5' and 3' (pronounced "five prime" and "three prime") refer to the two ends of a strand of DNA.
The numbers refer to specific carbon atoms on the sugar (deoxyribose) in each nucleotide residue of a strand of DNA. International convention assigns numbers to the atoms of the skeleton of medium-sized to large molecules. The carbon atoms of deoxyribose are numbered 1 to 5, but when combined with a base to form a nucleoside, the numbers 1, 2 and so on are allocated to the base, and the sugar atoms are called 1', 2' etc.
One end of a DNA strand has a phosphate group; this is attached to the 5' carbon of a deoxyribose. This is called the 5' end of the strand, and DNA synthesis always starts from this end.
A new nucleotide is attached by combination of its phosphate to the 3' carbon of the sugar. So the other end of a DNA strand ends with a sugar, and this is called the 3' end of the strand. The two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel, so the 5' end of one strand is paired with the 3' end of its complementary strand.
Wiki User
∙ 15y ago
Wiki User
∙ 9y agoThey identify which of the carbon atoms in the deoxiribose sugar that the end attaches to: the 5th atom or the 3rd atom.
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