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As it is the arteries that move blood to all tissues, cells and body parts within the body, we call that system, "the arterial system". On the other hand, the vessels that return blood used by the body back to the heart and lungs for re-oxygenation are called, "veins".

The process of blood circulation is such that used blood is returned to the heart via the veinous system, and from there it is then sent to the lungs for the exchange of its waste gas as a by-product of tissue activity in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) - to be exhaled into the external environment - and wanted gas in the form of oxygen, which is needed by the body for its chemical processes and for body activity, replaces that CO2.

When the lungs re-oxygenate the blood, the blood is returned to the heart for pumping throughout the body. As the blood travels to the body's tissues for use, it starts off traveling through very large vessels - arteries, which gradually decrease in size as the blood moves through the system and become thin and porous, whereupon the blood is taken up by needy tissues and cells of the body for use.

A similar exchange occurs in the circulatory system as the blood takes on nutrients from the digestive system of the body; such that at the point of reaching the cells, not only is oxygen taken up for use but also other nutrients that the cells use for energy production and for other purposes.

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