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Endochondral ossification is the process by which the embryonic cartilaginous model of most bones contributes to longitudinal growth and is gradually replaced by bone. During endochondral ossification, chondrocytes proliferate, undergo hypertrophy and die; the cartilage extracellular matrix they construct is then invaded by blood vessels, osteoclasts, bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, the last of which deposit bone on remnants of cartilage matrix. The sequential changes in chondrocyte behaviour are tightly regulated by both systemic factors and locally secreted factors, which act on receptors to effect intracellular signalling and activation of chondrocyte-selective transcription factors. Systemic factors that regulate the behaviour of chondrocytes in growth cartilage include growth hormone and thyroid hormone, and the local secreted factors include Indian hedgehog, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, fibroblast growth factors and components of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Transcription factors that play critical roles in regulation of chondrocyte gene expression under the control of these extracellular factors include Runx2, Sox9 and MEF2C. The invasion of cartilage matrix by the ossification front is dependent on its resorption by members of the matrix metalloproteinase family, as well as the presence of blood vessels and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. This review, which places an emphasis on recent advances and current areas of debate, discusses the complex interactions between cell types and signalling pathways that govern endochondral ossification.
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Forms embryonic skeleton and the surface of the bones at the joints reinforces the trachea?
Cartilage forms the embryonic skeleton before being replaced by bone. Additionally, cartilage at joints provides a smooth surface for movement and helps absorb shock. In the trachea, cartilage rings provide structure and prevent collapse during breathing.
Forms the larynx the coastal cartilages of the ribs and the embryonic skeleton?
The larynx, coastal cartilages, and embryonic skeleton are all formed from cartilage. Cartilage is a firm, flexible connective tissue that provides structure and support to these specific areas of the body during development and growth. Once fully developed, some cartilage may ossify (turn into bone) while other cartilage structures persist in their cartilaginous form.
Both the scapula and clavicle form joints with the axial skeleton is true or flase?
True. The scapula forms a joint with the axial skeleton at the sternum, while the clavicle forms a joint with the axial skeleton at the scapula. These joints allow for movement of the upper limbs and help support the upper body.
What is a mutant skeleton?
A mutant skeleton is a fictional or concept creature that combines elements of mutation and a skeleton, often portrayed as a creature with abnormal or exaggerated skeletal features. These can be found in various forms of media such as video games, movies, and literature.
What are structures that develop from the same embryonic tissues but have different mature forms?
Homologous structures develop from the same embryonic tissue but mature into different forms in different species. An example is the pentadactyl limb in vertebrates, where the same bones form the wings of a bat, flippers of a whale, and arms of a human.
What connective tissue forms the larynx and the coastal cartilages of the ribs and embryonic skeleton?
hyaline cartilage
What does the embryonic skeleton consist of?
Hyaline Cartilage
Forms embryonic skeleton and the surface of the bones at the joints reinforces the trachea?
Cartilage forms the embryonic skeleton before being replaced by bone. Additionally, cartilage at joints provides a smooth surface for movement and helps absorb shock. In the trachea, cartilage rings provide structure and prevent collapse during breathing.
Forms the larynx the coastal cartilages of the ribs and the embryonic skeleton?
The larynx, coastal cartilages, and embryonic skeleton are all formed from cartilage. Cartilage is a firm, flexible connective tissue that provides structure and support to these specific areas of the body during development and growth. Once fully developed, some cartilage may ossify (turn into bone) while other cartilage structures persist in their cartilaginous form.
When a gastrocoel forms what can it become?
When a gastrocoel forms during embryonic development, it can develop into the digestive tract of an organism. The gastrocoel is the primitive gut or embryonic gut that will eventually differentiate into organs such as the stomach, intestines, and associated structures.
What is the embryonic origin of the cerebral hemispheres?
The embryonic origin of the cerebral hemispheres is from the neural ectoderm. The neural ectoderm is an area of tissue that forms in the center of the developing blastocyst.
Which layer of embryonic tissue forms the lining of the digestive tract?
The endoderm layer of embryonic tissue forms the lining of the digestive tract. It gives rise to the epithelial cells that make up the inner lining of the gastrointestinal system.
Type of tissue that forms the bony skeleton?
Osseous
What skeleton forms the main trunk of the body?
skul.....
What are two forms of the word bone?
born skeleton
Which connective tissue forms the bony skeleton?
Osseous types of connective tissue forms the bony skeleton. Adipose is the types of connective tissues composes dermis of skin.
Both the scapula and clavicle form joints with the axial skeleton is true or flase?
True. The scapula forms a joint with the axial skeleton at the sternum, while the clavicle forms a joint with the axial skeleton at the scapula. These joints allow for movement of the upper limbs and help support the upper body.
