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Lipid bilayers are made up of phospholipids that have variable head groups and fatty acid chains.

This lipid bilayer is known as amphipathic, meaning the hydrophilic head region of the lipid molecule is polar while the hydrophobic tail regions are non-polar.

The electrical conductance of the lipid bilayer is very low, lower even than thin glass. The lipid bilayer acts as a very good electrical insulator and has direct bearing on the way in which the proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer will behave. Researchers have shown the bilayer has conductance orders of magnitude lower than that measured in the cell membrane. Demonstrating that the conductance is not performed across the lipid bilayer, it is the proteins embedded in the bilayer which perform that function.

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