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A coupled reaction is two reactions that occur together. One reaction is necessary for the other to occur.

The conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is a good example. The first step that the cell takes in glycolysis (the beginning of the cellular respiration of glucose) is to convert glucose into glucose-6-phosphate. This phosphorylation requires an energy input, and therefore will not occur spontaneously.

In the cell, both the necessary energy and the phosphate group are provided by a molecule of ATP. The free energy released by the conversion of ATP into ADP and a phosphate ion (Pi) is far greater than the energy required for the phosphorylation of glucose, and so, when the two reactions are coupled together, the phosphorylation of glucose goes ahead.

To couple these reactions a hexokinase is required. This enzyme needs magnesium as a cofactor.

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