I can only answer PART of the question.
A transport protein is one of the proteins important in transporting materials such as hormones from their site of origin to the site of cellular action and metabolism.
The transport of substances through membrane protein channels
phosphorylation (binding of the carrier protein to a phosphate group) within the cell
active transport
The Bicarbonate Buffer System
A protein channel is a transport protein that helps larger molecules, that would otherwise not be able to defuse throw the membrane of a cell, to move in or out of the cell depending on the concentration gradient.
Transport proteins are the type of protein most materials move in and put of.
Did NaCl require a transport protein for diffusion?
A carrier protein (as opposed to a channel protein). An example of a carrier protein is the Na+/K+ pump.
In primary active transport, the transport protein gets phosphorylated; in secondary active transport, the transport protein is not phosphorylated
a slinky toy going down a flight of stairs
It's either a passive or active transport.
The transport of substances through membrane protein channels
passive transport
a protein is too big to enter a cell on its own, therefore it requires carriers in order to do so. the carriers transport the protein in/out of the cell.
transport protein
carrier protein
selective transport is the transport of specific substances by means of protein channels and pumps.