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Mutagens are any factor that increases the chance of or induces tumour formation. Three examples are as follows:

  1. Radioactive waves (Gamma rays, alpha and beta particles)
  2. Ultra-violet (UV) waves
  3. Many metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium and nickel

They are not equal in their levels of harmfulness or range, with alpha particles being the most harmful of the above, but also the mutagen with the lowest range.

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How can you use the mutation and mutagen in the same sentence?

Exposure to a mutagen, such as UV radiation, can lead to genetic mutations in organisms.


Why are revertants observed in Ames test?

To determine whether whatever chemical that was introduced to the bacteria is a mutagen. More revertants means better mutagen ie. the probability of a strain reverting back to wild-type is high since probability of a mutation in the DNA is high due to induced mutation by the mutagen. Less revertants means poor mutagen ie. the probability of a strain reverting back to wild-type is low since probability of a mutation in the DNA is attributed to just the probability of an error in replication.


What is carcinogens and mutagens?

In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, mutagen can causes cancer. while a carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer.


Are asbestos considered a chemical mutagen responsible for chromosomal mutations?

Yes, asbestos is considered a chemical mutagen that can cause chromosomal mutations. Exposure to asbestos fibers can lead to DNA damage, chromosomal alterations, and mutations in cells, increasing the risk of developing cancer.


What is spontaneous and induced mutations?

Spontaneous mutations occur naturally due to errors in DNA replication, exposure to mutagens, or changes in cellular processes. Induced mutations are deliberately caused by exposure to external factors such as radiation, chemicals, or certain drugs to study the effects of specific genetic changes.