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This is a condition in which there is dilatation of the renal pelvis, the kidney part that is in direct connection with the ureter. The ureter is in direct communication with urinary bladder. If urinary bladder infection occurs, transmission through the ureter to the renal pelvis may occur resulting a more serious infection known as pyelonephritis which was reported to be more common in children born with pelviectasis. Pyelonephritis can cause chronic renal damage. Pelviectasis is usually diagnosed in the prenatal period or shortly after in newborns and is thought to be a self limited that resolves later.
Dilatation in the renal pelvis in adults occurs when obstruction below the kidney level occurs either in the ureter or in the bladder near the ureteric orifice (like stones, fibrosis). Back pressure will cause changes in the kidney usually in the form of renal pelvis dilatation and calcyeal dilatation.
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