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Hypovolemia (also hypovolaemia, oligemia or hypotonic shock) is a state of decreased blood volume due to things such as hemorrhaging or dehydration.

Hypovolemia is characterized by salt loss and thus differs from dehydration, which is defined as excessive loss of body water.

Common causes of hypovolemia are:

  • Loss of blood
  • Loss of plasma
  • Excessive sweating, diarrhea or vomiting
  • Vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) using drugs typically used to treat people with high blood pressure.
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