Phenotype is the physical appearance of an organism. Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism. For example, if you cross two plants that have the genetic makeup RR for flowers (let's say they're red), then the offspring will all have RR for flowers (homozygous red). The genotype is 100% RR, and the phenotype is 100% Red.
The outward physical appearance of an organism is known as its morphology, which includes characteristics such as size, shape, color, and texture. These traits can vary widely across different species and play a role in their survival and reproduction in their specific environments.
A phenotype will express a recessive trait when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele (homozygous recessive) and no dominant allele to mask its expression. This occurs when both parents contribute a recessive allele, which can happen if both are carriers of the recessive trait or express the trait themselves. Environmental factors can also play a role in the expression of certain traits, but for genetic recessiveness, the key factor is the allele combination inherited from the parents.
Genes code for all genetic physical traits, so allele combinations code everything from metabolism rate to pigment coloring. Everything from the shape of your fingernails to whether you're more likely to get heart disease is an expression of an allele combination.