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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is an ubiquitous energy carrier molecule and it gives up its energy by breaking the phosphoanhydride bond between the last and second last phosphate groups and thereby phosphorylating (adding a phosphate to) a target molecule, most likely inducing a change in its conformation that leads to activation or direct action. When that bond is broken, the ATP loses one phosphate and becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate), which is less energetic and infrequently used to provide additional energy for the cell. The ADP must then be 'recharged' during cellular respiration or photosynthesis where energy (derived from nutrients or light) is used to add a phosphate onto ADP, recreating the phosphoanhydride bond and producing ATP.

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