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pcDNA3 is a plasmid vector commonly used to generate high levels of transient protein expression in mammalian cells, while adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a small, non-pathogenic virus that is commonly used as a vector for gene therapy due to its ability to efficiently transduce a variety of cell types and its low immunogenicity. AAV is typically used for stable, long-term gene expression, while pcDNA3 is mainly used for transient expression.

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