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Most prokaryotic genomes are small (<~5Mb), they generally contain one large circular piece of DNA refered to as a "chromosome" (not a true chromosome in the eukaryotic sense so inverted comas are normally used in modern text). Some bacteria have linear "chromosomes". Many bacteria extra DNA hald on small circular structures called plasmids which can be swapped between neighbours and across bacterial species. Inside the "choromosome" many genes with related functions are found close together in operons. The exact order and number of genes found in the genome can vary between different strains of the same species. Prokaryotes can gain genes from other prokaryotic species when sharing an environment. The DNA is gene rich with a few non-coding regions containing insertion elements or transposons. There are no introns in prokaryotic genes. There are very few repeated sequences in prokaryotic genomes. Eukaryotic genomes are generally larger (#10Mb -100,000Mb) than prokaryotic ones. Their DNA is held on linear chromosomes and a small circular mitochondrial chromosome. Genes have introns. There are many genome wide repeats. There are longer space between genes and a great number of non-coding sequences. The number of genes doesn't normally differ between strains of a species.
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How is genome organized in a prokaryotic cell?
In a prokaryotic cell, the genome is organized within a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm. The genome contains all the genetic information necessary for the cell's functions and is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus like in eukaryotic cells. Additionally, prokaryotic cells may also contain plasmids, which are small, circular, extrachromosomal pieces of DNA that may carry accessory genes.
How many more organelles do prokaryotic cells have then eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic:no nucleuscircular DNAonly ribosomescell wall in allplasmids in mostEukaryotic:NucleusLinear DNAno plasmidsMany cellular organellessome with cell membrane only
Compare the size of bacteria to eukaryotic microorganisms?
Bacteria are typically smaller than eukaryotic microorganisms in terms of both cell size and genome size. Eukaryotic microorganisms, such as yeast and algae, are generally larger and more complex, with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Bacteria lack these organelles and their genetic material is mostly contained in a single circular chromosome.
Which type of genome is the most complex among all organisms?
The most complex genome among all organisms is found in eukaryotes, which include plants, animals, fungi, and protists. Eukaryotic genomes are more complex than prokaryotic genomes due to their larger size and higher levels of organization, including the presence of multiple chromosomes and introns.
Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic organisms?
Plastids, or small rings of DNA that can be exchanged between bacteria. Rather than containing an entire genome, they just contain certain genes-often useful ones for resistance to antibiotics, etc.
How is genome organized in a prokaryotic cell?
In a prokaryotic cell, the genome is organized within a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm. The genome contains all the genetic information necessary for the cell's functions and is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus like in eukaryotic cells. Additionally, prokaryotic cells may also contain plasmids, which are small, circular, extrachromosomal pieces of DNA that may carry accessory genes.
What theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from living communities of several prokaryotic organisms?
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells originated from the symbiotic relationship between different prokaryotic organisms, specifically between a host cell and its internalized bacteria-like partners, which eventually evolved into organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. This theory is supported by evidence such as the similarities between organelles and prokaryotes in terms of structure, genome organization, and replication.
Where is a genome found?
A genome is found in the nucleus of a cell for eukaryotic organisms, and in the nucleoid region for prokaryotic organisms. It is composed of DNA molecules that carry the genetic information of an organism.
What cell parts contains an oraganism's genome?
The organism's genome is primarily contained within the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells, where the DNA is organized into chromosomes. In prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, the genome is located in the nucleoid region, consisting of a single circular DNA molecule. Additionally, mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells contain their own small circular DNA, which is involved in energy production and photosynthesis, respectively.
Difference between eukaryotic DNA replication and bacterial replication?
Eukaryotic DNA replication is more complex and occurs in the nucleus of the cell, involving multiple origins of replication and coordination with the cell cycle. Bacterial replication is simpler and occurs in the cytoplasm, often with a single origin of replication and a faster rate of replication. Eukaryotic replication also involves telomeres and histones, which are not present in bacterial replication.
How many more organelles do prokaryotic cells have then eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic:no nucleuscircular DNAonly ribosomescell wall in allplasmids in mostEukaryotic:NucleusLinear DNAno plasmidsMany cellular organellessome with cell membrane only
How is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell organised?
DNA, CYTOPLASM, FLAGELLA, CILLIA, MITOCHONDRIA
Name of the first prokaryotic genome to be sequenced?
Haemophilus influenzae was the first prokaryotic genome to be sequenced in 1995. It was a significant milestone in genomics and laid the foundation for studying bacterial genetics and evolution.
Compare the size of bacteria to eukaryotic microorganisms?
Bacteria are typically smaller than eukaryotic microorganisms in terms of both cell size and genome size. Eukaryotic microorganisms, such as yeast and algae, are generally larger and more complex, with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. Bacteria lack these organelles and their genetic material is mostly contained in a single circular chromosome.
Is it true mitochondria and chloroplasts originated in bacteria?
It is thought that chloroplasts and mitochondria were prokaryotic organisms and they were engulfed by a eukaryotic organism and instead of being digested by the cell a symbiotic relationship was formed. this is called endosymbiosis. the first scientist to pioneer this kind of thinking was Mereschkowsky back in 1905. Taking chloroplast as the example, most of the genes from the chloroplast genome have been intergrated into the nulcear genome. Those that are left are conserved in both the chloroplast genome and the cyanobacteria genome. (the cyanobacteria is the prokaryotic organisms that is thought to have been engulfed, thus creating the ancestor to the modern chloroplast). For example, the gene for bacterial cell division is also found in the chloroplast genome. Comparing both the modern chloroplast genome and the modern cyanobacteria genome it is possilbe to see just how many genes that where originally chloroplast based have jumped ship and gone to the nuclear genome. Both animals and plants contain mitochondria but only plants contain chloroplasts. This suggests that the endosymbiotic relationship between the eukaryotic cell and the mitcohondria happen before the animal and plant lines diverged.
Which type of genome is the most complex among all organisms?
The most complex genome among all organisms is found in eukaryotes, which include plants, animals, fungi, and protists. Eukaryotic genomes are more complex than prokaryotic genomes due to their larger size and higher levels of organization, including the presence of multiple chromosomes and introns.
Why do eukaryotic genes have introns but introns are absent from prokaryotic cells?
Look at the sheer amount of DNA that is contained into a eukaryotic gene (eukaryotes have more DNA to code for and so they can leave some of the DNA out, also look at the way the DNA is formed i.e. Eukaryotic genes are double stranded helixes and prokayrotic genes are a single strand of circular dna.
