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Competition in a population usually serves to encourage better and cheaper products and services. Companies and individuals strive to be the best, and hence the quality of skills and products on offer tend to increase.

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How are the bottleneck effect and founder effect related as examples of genetic drift in population genetics?

The bottleneck effect and founder effect are both examples of genetic drift in population genetics. The bottleneck effect occurs when a large population is drastically reduced in size, leading to a loss of genetic diversity. The founder effect happens when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to a limited gene pool. Both effects can result in changes in allele frequencies and genetic variation within a population.


What is a change in allele frequency that results from the migration of a small subgroup of a population called?

This is known as the founder effect, where a small subgroup establishes a new population with a different allele frequency compared to the original population.


Types of genetic drift?

There are two main types of genetic drift: population bottleneck and founder effect. Population bottleneck occurs when a population's size is drastically reduced, leading to a loss of genetic diversity. Founder effect occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population with limited genetic variation.


How does competition impact an organism's population dynamics?

Competition among organisms can affect population dynamics by influencing factors such as resource availability, survival rates, and reproductive success. In a competitive environment, organisms may struggle to obtain necessary resources like food, water, and shelter, which can lead to decreased population sizes. Additionally, competition can result in higher mortality rates and lower reproductive success, ultimately impacting the overall population growth and stability.


How can the decline of one population affect another?

The decline of any population will perturb the ecological balance. If the number of one particular species declines, then any species that preys on it will lose some of its food supply and so its population may decline as well. A species in parasitic or symbiotic relationship is also likely to decline. On the other hand, any species which lives in competition - for food or other resources - would face less competition and so its numbers are likely to increase.