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How can the heart overcome excessive vagal stimulation?
Excessive vagal stimulation can be overcome by engaging in activities that increase sympathetic tone, such as exercise or deep breathing. In severe cases, medications like atropine can be used to block the effects of excessive vagal stimulation on the heart.
What is the result of sympathetic stimulation on the trachea?
Sympathetic stimulation of the trachea causes the trachealis muscle to relax, giving the trachea a large cross-sectional area. This allows increased air flow because of the increased diameter and less resistance.
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on this salivary glands?
Parasympathetic stimulation increases saliva production in the salivary glands by causing the release of acetylcholine, which binds to receptors on the gland cells and triggers the secretion of saliva. This response helps with digestion and keeps the mouth moist.
Are hormones from the adrenal medulla released in response to vagal stimulation?
No, hormones from the adrenal medulla are released in response to sympathetic stimulation, not vagal stimulation. The adrenal medulla is innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons which release acetylcholine, activating the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla.
Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving?
Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving input from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. This allows for precise regulation of the organ's function by balancing the effects of these two opposing systems. Examples include the heart receiving both sympathetic stimulation (increasing heart rate) and parasympathetic stimulation (slowing heart rate).
What is the effect on blood pressure to an attack by a mugger?
Blood pressure would increase due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
What will sympathetic stimulation of the eye do?
Sympathetic stimulation of the eye will cause dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) and relaxation of the ciliary muscle for far vision.
Does coronary vessels have both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation?
Yes, coronary vessels have both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. Parasympathetic input leads to vasodilation of coronary vessels, while sympathetic input can cause vasoconstriction in response to stress or exercise. The balance between these two systems helps regulate blood flow to the heart.
What does preganglionic sympathetic Stimulation produce?
ACH
Sympathetic stimulation of terminal bronchioles causes?
Bronchodilation.
Does sympathetic stimulation cause vasodilation of which arterioles?
Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of most arterioles in the body, except for arterioles in skeletal muscle and the heart where it causes vasodilation.
Does the heart receive both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation?
yes
What is sympathetic stimulation?
Sympathetic stimulations are signals to the body that imply stress. Sympathetic stimulation stimulates the sympathetic part of the peripheral nervous system and results in multiple response such as increased cardiac output, dilation of the pupil, inhibition of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, and erection of the penis.
What happens if the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation?
increase its rate and force of contraction
What causes sympathetic division stimulation?
with stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system there will be a. constriction of the pupils b. dilation of the coronary arteries c. constriction of selected blood vessels d. profuse sweating
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the afferent arterioles?
Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles in the kidneys. This response reduces blood flow into the glomeruli, which can decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The effect is part of the body's mechanism to prioritize blood flow to vital organs during stress or low blood volume situations. Ultimately, this helps conserve water and maintain blood pressure.
The effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands are called?
complementary
