What is the law of genetic inheritance?

Answer 1

Law of dominance

law of segregation

law of independent assortment

Answer 2

The 1st law of heredity is the Law of Segregation. It states that every individual possesses a pair of alleles for any particular trait. Each parent passes a randomly selective copy to its offspring.

The 2nd law of heredity is the Law of Independent Assortment this means that each trait is passed independently and not actually tied to another trait. This is only true for genes that are not linked together.

The 3rd law of heredity is the Law of Dominance. It states that recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant alleles. This is not always true.

Answer 3

The most familiar laws of genetics are often referred to as Mendel's First and Second Laws.

Mendel's First Law resulted from Mendel's observations of the products of crosses between pure-breeding individuals, in which he was following just one contrasting pair of traits (phenotypic characters), such as round and wrinkled seeds in garden pea plants. In other words, these were monohybrid crosses. This law is also known as the Law of Segregation.

What this law tells us is that inheritance is not a process of blending, but is controlled by discrete factors that we now call alleles (alternative versions of a gene). We now know that alleles differ in the base sequences of the relevant segments of DNA.

Mendel's Second Law, the Law of Independent Assortment, resulted from Mendel tracking two traits simultaneously (dihybrid crosses). He found that they both separately obeyed the law of segregation, and did not influence the inheritance of one another.

The law of independent assortment tells us that different traits are inherited separately. Had Mendel chosen linked genes, he would have had to modify his ideas, but the characters he selected were, we now know, on different chromosomes. The law of independent assortment is true because pairs of homologous chromosomes are independently assigned to the two daughter-cells during meiosis I.

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The study of genetics tells us that there is a mechanism that passes traits from the parents to the child. We now know that this mechanism is in the DNA contained in the cells of every living organism.

Before genetics was studied people thought children inherited characteristics from events that the mother or father went through. If the mother was frightened during the pregnancy, the child would be weak and timid; if animals were kept in a striped pen, their offspring would be striped even if the parents were not, etc.

Genetic tells us there are several types of information passed down. The basic blueprint for the animal we are is there, no human mother gives birth to a kitten, and the information for the variations within that general format. This would account for blue eyes vs brown, curly hair vs straight.

This latter set of characteristics is passed down either as dominant genes or recessive genes. The dominant trait always is evident, the recessive traits may only show up when they are paired with similar recessive traits

Answer 4

1. The basic principle in Mendel's discoveries is that of the purity of t. he germcells; in accordance with this a cross-bred animal or plant produces germ-cells bearing only one of each pair of characters in which its parents differ. From it follows the occurrence in the second and later hybrid generations of a definite number of forms in definite numerical proportions.

2. Mendel's principle of dominance is realized in the heredity of a considerable number of characters among both animals and plants. In accordance with this principle, hybrid offspring have visibly the character of only one parent or the other, though they transmit those of both parents.

3. In other cases the hybrid has a distinctive character of its own. This may approximate more or less closely the character of one parent or the other, or it may be entirely different from both. Frequently the distinctive hybrid character resembles a lost ancestral character. In some cases of this sort, as in coat-color of mammals, the hybrid character probably results from a recomibination of the characters seen in one or both parents, with certain Other characters latent (that is, recessive) in one parent or the other.

4. There have been observed the following exceptions to the principle of dominance, or to the principle of purity of the germ-cells, or to both:

(a) Mosaic inheritance, in which a pair of characters ordinarily related as dominant and recessive occur in a balanced relationship, side by side in the hybrid individual and frequently in its germ-cells also. This balanced condition, once obtained, is usually stable under close breeding, but is readily disturbed by cross-breeding, giving place then to the normal dominance.

(b) Stable (self-perpetuating) hybrid forms result from certain crosses. These constitute an exception to both the law of dominance and to that of purity of the germ-cells. For the hybrid is like neither parent, but the characters of both parents exist in a stable union in the mature germcells produced by the hybrid.

(c) Coupling, i. e., complete correlation may exist between two or more characters, so that they form a compound unit not separable in heredity, at least in certain crosses.

(d) Disintegration of characters apparently simple may take place in consequence of cross-breeding.

(e) Departures from the expected ratios of dominants to recessives may be explained in some cases as due to inferior vigor, and so greater mortality, on the part of dominants or recessives respectively.

(f) Cases of apparent reversal of dominance may arise from 'false hybridization' (induced lparthenogenesis). Possibly in other cases the determination of dominance rests with circumstances as yet unknown.

5. Mendel's principles strengthen the view that species arise by discontinuous variation. They explain why new types are especially variable, how one variation causes others, and why certain variations are so persistent in their Occurrence

Answer 5

Overview

In a monastery garden rather far removed from the rest of the scientific community, Gregor Mendel studied the transmission of physical characteristics from one generation of pea plants to the next, thereby deciphering the basic principles governing heredity. Mendel was not the first person to study heredity, but he was the first to carefully study the inheritance of traits with planned experiments, carefully recorded data, and statisticalanalysis of results. His quantitative approach allowed him to translate his findings into a coherent and reproducible theory of how traits are passed from one generation to the next. Mendel's contribution was not appreciated during his lifetime but became the foundation for our understanding of genetics in the twentieth century.

Background

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was not the first scientist to question how physical characteristics are transmitted from one generation to the next. Centuries before Mendel began breeding pea plants, humans grasped the idea of inheritance despite having no idea how it worked. Throughout history, inheritance of "familial" traits in humans has been important in social organization. That children often resemble parents or grandparents was noted far back in history.

Answer 6

The 3 Laws of Genetic Inheritance were formulated by Gregor Mendel. In summary, he deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units from each parent.

Answer 7

The only one I remember is that the offspring will have a combination of the mother and father.