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The concave shape of red blood cells maximises the surface area for gaseous exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. It perfectly holds 4 haemoglobin molecules, each of which works to store and release oxygen when needed. The importance of its' shape is exemplified by the genetic disease sickle cell anaemia, whereby misshapen red blood cells (called sickled cells) can no longer carry oxygen in the same way and can become lodged in small capillary blood vessels - which can kill.

Additionally, they are very durable and able to squeeze in and out of capillaries to reach every part of the body whilst maintaining a large surface area for exchange. Cells which loose this elastic property are removed by the spleen and liver.

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14y ago

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