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Energy source - most ecosystems powered by sunlight

which provides energy for photosynthesis and primary

production

Temperature - affects metabolism, few organisms can

function below 0ºC, enzymes of most organisms are

destroyed above 45ºC

Water - is essential to all life. Terrestrial organisms need

to prevent drying out and aquatic organisms need to

balance their solute concentration

Inorganic Nutrients - The distribution of photosynthetic

organisms (plants, algae, bacteria) is usually limited by

availability of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Aquatic organisms are more affected by factors like

salinity, dissolved oxygen, currents and tides.

Terrestrial organisms are more affected by winds, storms, fire etc.

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