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adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

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What makes up the steps up of ladder DNA?

adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine


What makes up the sides of the DNA ladder?

Phosphate and sugar make up the sides of a DNA ladder.


What substances makes up the steps of a DNA ladder?

The steps of a DNA ladder are made up of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules. The side railing of the ladder is composed of nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) that connect the two strands of the DNA molecule.


What molecules make up the DNA ladder?

The phosphate groups and deoxyribose molecules makes up the DNA ladder.


Is oxygen a molecule that makes up the DNA ladder?

Heck No!


What makes up the inside ladder part of the DNA?

The Base Pairs


Which part of the ladder is made of sugars and phosphates?

The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA is made up of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules. These molecules form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder, connecting the nitrogenous bases that make up the steps of the ladder.


What substances make up the steps of the DNA ladder?

The steps of the DNA ladder are made up of nitrogenous bases. These bases include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. They pair up in a specific manner where adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.


What makes up the outside of the dna ladder?

The outside of the DNA ladder is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which alternates with phosphate groups to form the backbone. The nitrogenous bases are attached to this sugar-phosphate backbone on the inside of the ladder.


What materials make up the sides and steps of the ladder in DNA?

The sides of the DNA ladder are composed of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups, which form the backbone of the molecule. The steps of the ladder are made up of nitrogenous base pairs, specifically adenine paired with thymine and cytosine paired with guanine. These base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, creating the double helix structure characteristic of DNA.


What are the sides of the DNA ladder are made up of?

The DNA ladder is made of sugar and phosphates.


What are the 4 that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder?

what are 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder