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The major motor pathway that controls (the majority of) our muscles is called the Corticospinal Tract. This set of neurons starts (has its cell bodies/dendrites) in the Primary Motor Cortex (M1), and projects (sends axons) down through the brain and into the spinal cord, allowing us to move.

The neurons that control the left side of our body do indeed begin on the right side of our brain in the M1 area. The axons of these neurons stay on that side of the brain through the internal capsule, through the cerebral penduncle (in the midbrain), and to the medullary pyramid (in the medulla).

At this point, the axons decussate - cross over from one side to the other - and continue down the corticospinal tract in the spinal cord, where they eventually synapse to other neurons that leave the spinal cord and affect our muscles. It is this decussation in the medullary pyramid that leads to one side of our brain controlling the other side of our body.

Since axon decussation has evolved in many distinct systems and organisms, it seems reasonable to presume that decussation confers a significant functional advantage - yet if this is so, the exact nature of this advantage is not clearly understood.

Current research seems to indicate that in order to reduce connection errors in a complex computing network such as the human brain and CNS, with its 3-dimensional somatotropy, axonal decussation across the midline and corticospinal tract would be necessary.

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