What process transfers glucose into pyruvate?

Answer 1

The process by which glucose is turned into pyruvate is called glycolysis. In this process the six carbon (6C) glucose molecule is split into two (3C) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates at an energy cost of 2 (2 ATPs are used up). Each of these moelecules is modified to pyrucate (3C) producing 2 ATP per molecule, so 4 alltogether as two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates are broken modified to two pyruvates. This means that the net ATP gain is 2, 2 are used up but 4 are created, and this is how anaerobic respiration produces energy. Is should be noted that in the second part 2 molecules of NADH+ are produces as well. It should also be noted that there are many intermediate staged and moelcules not mentioned. The pyruvate then enters the mitochonrion or go on to form lactate depending on the presence of oxygen. In the mothocondrion is where the Krebs cycle takes place, which in essence adds oxygen molecules to each carbon of the pyruvate producing CO2 and on the way uses energy form the reactions to make NADH+ and some ATPs. These NADH+ are what go on to the oxidative phosphorytaion which is is a much more complicated process in the cristae of the mitochondria that traps H+ ions on one side of the membrane. The ions then flow back through a special protein called that makes ATP using the energy of the H flow.