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Bacteria can form capsules and spores. A capsule is a protective layer around some bacteria. They can be virulent as they can resist the body's defence mechanism.

Bacteria can change into bacterial spores when the environmental conditions are unfavourable. In this condition bacteria are inactive. When the environmental conditions become more suitable the bacteria can become active and cause disease. Bacterial spores are extremely resistant and can survive most forms of disinfection and inadequate sterilisation

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How does moss reproduce, and does it involve the production of spores?

Moss reproduces through spores, which are produced in capsules on the tips of the plant. When the capsules mature, they release spores that can grow into new moss plants.


Moss spores form inside capsules that break open and shoot spores into the environment which does no help carry these spores to new areas?

Moss spores help spread by being ejected from the capsules into the environment. This dispersal method increases the chances of reaching new areas where the spores can germinate and grow. The shooting action propels the spores away from the parent plant, aiding in colonization and reproduction.


What is cleistocarpic moss?

A cleistocarpous (rather than a cleistocarpic) moss is a moss whose capsules do not open to release the included spores. Only after decay of the moss and its capsules are the spores dispersed (over, of course, a relatively short distance). Phascum cuspidatum (Toothed phascum moss) is a well known example. HdB


Do mosses have flowers?

Mosses do not have flowers; instead they bear capsules to produce spores.


How do mosses reproduce?

Mosses reproduce through spores that are produced in capsules on the sporophyte. These spores are released into the environment and can germinate into a new moss gametophyte under suitable conditions. The gametophyte then produces male and female gametes, which combine to form a new sporophyte.


Where are spores?

Spores are produced by fungi, bacteria, and green plants. Spores in mushrooms are produced on special cells called basidia.


Where spores produced?

Spores are produced by fungi, bacteria, and green plants. Spores in mushrooms are produced on special cells called basidia.


What is used to reproduce fern and moss?

Ferns reproduce through spores, which are tiny structures produced on the underside of fern fronds. Mosses reproduce through spores as well, which are typically produced in capsules at the tip of the moss plant.


Where spores are produced?

Spores are produced by fungi, bacteria, and green plants. Spores in mushrooms are produced on special cells called basidia.


Ferns that have groups of sporangia called?

Ferns that have groups of sporangia called sori. Sori are clusters of sporangia found on the undersides of fern fronds where spores are produced. These structures help facilitate the dispersal of spores for reproduction in ferns.


Ferns and mosses can reproduce by?

Ferns reproduce by producing spores through sporangia, while mosses reproduce by releasing spores from capsules at the tips of stalks called sporophytes. Spores from both ferns and mosses are dispersed by wind and water to colonize new areas and germinate into new plants.


What is so special about moss?

that they're short, nonvascular, and produce spores