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Animals are divided into two main groups, Invertebrates and Vertebrates. Vertebrates, such as man, have a spine and an endoskeleton, ( internal skeleton) to which all their muscles are attached. They also have a rib-cage which protects the heart and lungs etc, as well as a cranium, (skull) which protects the brain. Some INVERTEBRATES have no skeletons, such as earthworms and jelly-fish, but others, the ARTHROPODS, have an EXOSKELETON, ( outer skeleton) made up of chitin and calcium carbonate. The arthropods can be divided into ; the insects; the Spiders, the crustaceans, (lobsters, etc) and the Diplopods/myriapods, ( centipedes etc). The muscles and body organs are all INSIDE the exoskeleton.

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Joany Funk

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2y ago
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7y ago

At a cellular level, the cell membrane provides a certain level of defense by only allowing in certain materials and keeping out others. For plants, their cell wall also helps with this. For multicellular organisms, structures like the immune system's white blood cells can seek and destroy invaders such as viruses and bacteria. Larger threats, such as predators or aggressive members of the same species, can be fended off with teeth, claws, quills, barbs, stingers, saliva, or even invented weapons (in a few species, most notably us!).

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14y ago

They use their teeth and claws as well as their tail in their defence.

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12y ago

other defensive strategies used by plants include escaping or aoiding in time or in place

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11y ago

Plants utilize waxy outer coverings, bark, needles, thorns, and poisons in defense.

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7y ago

Since you didn't tell us which organisms you studied, we cannot answer the question.

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Q: What structures do have in protecting themselves?
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