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What tissues can survive longest in the absence of adequate oxygen anaerobic conditions by deriving energy from the anaerobic metabolism of glucose molecules?
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∙ 15y ago
skeletal muscle
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∙ 15y ago
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Why are lactate and ethanol formed under anaerobic conditions?
Short Answer: To regenerate NAD+ for the continued function of glycolysis.Detailed Answer: As NADH is formed in glycolysis (2 NADH per glucose), NAD+ must be regenerated to allow continued glycolytic flux (and consequent production of ATP). In the presence of adequate oxygen (i.e. under aerobic conditions), this regeneration takes place predominantly in the mitochondria. Under anaerobic conditions, however, the only way to regenerate NAD+ is through lactate fermentation (e.g. mammals) or ethanol fermentation (e.g. yeast).
Do peach trees bear fruit every year?
Generally yes, but only if environmental conditions are adequate (water, chill hours, adequate drainage and soil nutrients). Its not uncommon to have a peach tree "skip a year" due to draught, disease, insects or other extreme conditions.
Under what conditions do bacteria thrive and reproduce?
Bacteria require adequate nutrients and conditions to thrive and reproduce. These vary depending on the type of bacteria. For example, there are both autotrophic bacteria, that require CO2 as their carbon source, and heterotrophic bacteria, that require one or more organic molecules for their carbon source. Because of this they usually live off of autotrophs. There are also bacteria that only thrive and reproduce in extreme conditions. These extremophiles may reside in high or low pH environments, very high heat (hot springs) or low temperatures (glaciers), very salty environments and other extremes.
How many atp are produced in cell respiration?
3/4 of the ATP is made in respiration To build on the original answer: 36 ATP are produced from glycolosis to Electron Chain Transport with oxygen being the final electron acceptor. Some sources cite that anywhere between 28 and 36 ATP are produced but if you plan on taking the MCAT if this question is asked the answer is 36.
What adaptations might help a very large cell survive?
The surface area of large cells is very small without an adequate adaptation. Large cells have many cell folds or Crista within their cell membranes and within the cell to maximize cell's surface area which speeds up the process of cellular metabolism.
Why are lactate and ethanol formed under anaerobic conditions?
Short Answer: To regenerate NAD+ for the continued function of glycolysis.Detailed Answer: As NADH is formed in glycolysis (2 NADH per glucose), NAD+ must be regenerated to allow continued glycolytic flux (and consequent production of ATP). In the presence of adequate oxygen (i.e. under aerobic conditions), this regeneration takes place predominantly in the mitochondria. Under anaerobic conditions, however, the only way to regenerate NAD+ is through lactate fermentation (e.g. mammals) or ethanol fermentation (e.g. yeast).
How do you differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic cells?
Strictly speaking, the terms "aerobic" and "anaerobic" refer to the presence and absence of oxygen, respectively. Most of our cells prefer to get their energy by using oxygen to fuel metabolism. During exercise with adequate fuel and oxygen (i.e., aerobic), muscle cells can contract repeatedly without fatigue. During anaerobic or non-oxygen conditions (i.e., higher intensity exercise), muscle cells must rely on other reactions that do not require oxygen to fuel muscle contraction. This anaerobic metabolism in the cells produces waste molecules that can impair muscle contractions. We call this deterioration in performance fatigue.Fatigue causes you to experience added discomfort and weakening muscles. Eventually you will need to slow down and lower your exercise intensity. Slowing down allows the muscles to once again rely solely on aerobic metabolism and support the removal or chemical conversion of waste molecules.The problem with the terms "aerobic" and "anaerobic" when applied to exercise is that we actually never switch from total aerobic to total anaerobic metabolic conditions. In reality, the more intensely we exercise, the greater the need for anaerobic energy production. Consequently, it is best to view the terms aerobic and anaerobic as transitions in metabolism, where the proportion between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism changes depending on exercise intensity.For example, while at rest, we rely on aerobic metabolism to fuel almost all our body's needs for energy. As we start to exercise, such as progressing from sitting to a slow walk, the increased energy needs of muscle contraction require that we increase our breathing and oxygen intake. So long as we increase our exercise intensity slowly, we can maintain our muscles' dependence on aerobic metabolism, and we don't experience symptoms of fatigue.However, as exercise intensity increases, the need for energy release eventually exceeds that which can be supplied by aerobic metabolism. Our muscles simply need more reactions to support the energy demand. Therefore, anaerobic contribution to metabolism increases. When this happens, we refer to this change in metabolism as a metabolic threshold. This metabolic threshold represents the exercise intensity where we start to produce those waste products of anaerobic metabolism that can eventually lead to fatigue. You see this all the time when watching endurance Olympic events, such as a long distance running race. The athletes run at a pace that hovers around their metabolic threshold, and they can only afford to run faster than this pace near the end of the race. If they increase their pace too early in the race, then they fatigue too early and need to slow down to below their metabolic threshold to recover from the fatigue inducing waste products. This would result in poor performance.So how do these terms relate to you? Well, it depends on your circumstance and goals. Most of us are non-competitive or non-elite active individuals, who just want to exercise to gain health benefits, feel good and possibly lose weight. Aerobic exercise conditions enable you to exercise for long periods of time, potentially benefiting from the sustained energy expenditure (i.e., calories burned). Aerobic exercise tends to be less stressful to muscles, joints, and your heart, which may be important for individuals with arthritis, heart disease, or high blood pressure. However, to more rapidly improve your exercise capacities, tolerance, and performance, some anaerobic exercise training is a necessity. Therefore, performing anaerobic exercise is typically more important for competitive athletes.When starting a training program, most trainers like to have their clients/athletes start with lower intensity exercise (i.e., aerobic exercise). However, a high reliance on anaerobic metabolism is unavoidable for some types of exercise or activities. For instance, lifting weights is anaerobic. That is why muscles fatigue so rapidly with this type of training. Other types of activities, such as walking up stairs, can also be anaerobic - especially if you are unfit or climb too fast.Fortunately, we do not need sophisticated equipment to detect when we transition from aerobic to anaerobic exercise. As we approach and pass our metabolic threshold intensity, we start to breath harder, we are forced to really concentration on the exercise/activity, and exercise simply becomes uncomfortable. However, if you simply love gadgets, you can use a heart rate monitor to record the heart rate at which you sense these symptoms of developing over-exertion. You then know that heart rates below this value occur when you're in your aerobic zone, and heart rates above this value reflect an increasing anaerobic contribution to your exercise bout.
What does lactic acid have to do with respiration?
Lactic acid is produced by anaerobic respiration (when there is an absence or insufficiency of oxygen intake). If there is adequate oxygen (provided by respiration) and metabolic fuel, lactic acid is not produced.
Do peach trees bear fruit every year?
Generally yes, but only if environmental conditions are adequate (water, chill hours, adequate drainage and soil nutrients). Its not uncommon to have a peach tree "skip a year" due to draught, disease, insects or other extreme conditions.
How many molecules of NaCl are in 20grams?
The answer is 4,328.1023formula units (not molecules).
What is the best way to increase your metabolism?
The best way to increase your metabolism 1.Drinking green tea may improve your metabolism. 2.Increasing your protein intake can boost your metabolism. 3.Drinking coffee can increase your metabolism significantly. 4.Drinking an adequate amount of water can boost your metabolism. 5.Mixing up your exercise routine and incorporating a few high-intensity workouts can help you burn fat and increase your metabolism. 6.Eating spicy foods may help to improve your metabolism.
What 3 conditions must be satisfied to maintain a fire?
A fire must have an adequate supply of heat, fuel, and oxygen to sustain it.
When a protein such as an enzyme is heated it?
becomes denatured... The intolerably increased kinetic energy tears the molecules apart at high temperature. To be exact, just structurally damages the molecules, but the tearing is an adequate mental image nonetheless. This is the process of denaturing.
How can you gain muscle and increase metabolism at age 55?
Simple - lift weights! The more muscle you have, the faster you burn calories. Be sure to consume adequate amounts of protein and good fats as well.
Important sources that are important to the neuro transmitters?
Ionic salts like Potassium & Sodium salts are important to the neurotransmitters. Since neurotransmitters(neurons) are comprised of amino acids, it is important to have adequate protein intake (and also adequate exercise and rest, in order to maximize the positive metabolism of proteins and synthesis in the neural transmission)
Are aftermarket aluminum better than OEM radiators?
Better, worse, adequate, all depends on your use or conditions. for racing, hauling, or extreme conditions an aftermarket additional core radiator would help. Is it necessary? Maybe not, but it will keep the vehicle cooler. All radiators are made from aluminum so there is no advantage there, some may have plastic parts though so an all aluminum would be helpful for extreme hot conditions, but the OEM has been certified as adequate or more than adequate. It is totally up to you, if you use you vehicle in an extreme condition or environment a additional core or two would probably help.
What special conditions does a sheep require in order to thrive?
Sheep do not need many special conditions to live. They need adequate food and a water supply. Sheep also don't like extreme temperatures and will need shelter.
