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What transmits information into a cell by binding to signal molecules?
Wiki User
∙ 8y ago
One of the most common molecules of the cell that transmit information from outside to inside are transmembrane receptors. Typically, a ligand will bind to to exterior portion and trigger receptor activation, leading to downstream signaling within the cell.
Wiki User
∙ 9y ago
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The termination phase of cell signaling requires which of the following?
the answer involves reversing the binding of signal molecule to the receptor
Explain how an original signal molecule can produce a cellular response when it may not even enter the target cell?
There are a few ways that this happens. One way is through synaptic signalling. This signalling occurs in the nervous system. An electric signal along a nerve cell triggers the secretion of a chemical signal in the form of neurotransmitter molecules. These diffuse across the synapse, these neurotransmitters stimulate the target cell. Another type of signalling is paracrine signalling. The secreting cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator like a growth factor into the extracellular fluid. Both animals and plants use hormones for long distance signalling. With this cell communication, specialized endocrine cells secrete hormones into body fluids, often the blood. Hormomes may reach virtually all body cells. What happens when a cell encounters a signal? The signal must be recognized by a specific receptor molecule, and the information it carries must be changed into another form, transduced before the cell can respond. So generally the cells generally communicate via chemical messengers targeted for cells. Addition of general pathways:A signal molecule such as a peptide hormone produce a cellular response by binding to receptor proteins on the cell membrane. These molecules may be involved in endocrine (systemic-global), paracrine (tissue-local), autocrine (self-local), or nervous (restricted to synaptic junctions) signaling. The receptor proteins for these signal molecules have very high specificity for a particular kind of molecules and respond by either directly opening a gated channel, creating a secondary messenger molecule, or directly phosphorylating downstream molecules to initiate a signal cascade that result in a subtle or gross alteration in the cell's state of operation through the activation/deactivation of enzymes and the activation/deactivation of transcription factors controlling gene expression. Recurring archetypes of these receptors include ligand gated channels (example: acetylcholine receptors in neuromuscular junctions. Binding of acetylcholine causes the opening of ion channels that propagate the action potential), G-protein coupled receptors (example: adrenergic receptors. Binding of adrenaline initiates G-protein activation and results in the production of secondary messenger molecules cAMP, which activate downstream target molecules that effect changes), Receptor tyrosine kinases (example: insulin receptor. Binding of insulin leads to the recruitment of downstream proteins and their activation through phosphorylation on tyrosine residues).
How can one hormone molecule lead to the synthesis of thousands of enzyme molecules?
The mechanism through which a single hormone molecule triggers the generation of thousands to millions of enzyme molecules is called biological signal transductionThis process begins with a hormone molecule binding to its receptor on the surface of a cell. Following this, there is a signal generated.Inmolecular biology, asignal is said to be generated when a certain inter-cellular or membrane-bound protein becomes phosphorylated and triggers further downstream events.The ultimate result (or the end step) ofthis signal transduction pathwayis to up-regulate thetranscription of a specific enzyme-coding gene. When many copies of thisgene are transcribed,several molecules of the enzymeswill be produces.
What is the major molecule in plants?
the major molecule in the cell is chlorophyll
Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
estrogen
What is continuous signal that transmits information?
I'm not sure. what you think homie
What drug that interferes with the binding of signal molecules to receptor proteins in the heart muscles?
the beta blocker.
What is a continuous signal that transmits information?
I'm not sure. what you think homie
Explain how a Microwave regenerate signal about every thirty-five miles?
-- A receiver receives the radio signal from the previous station.-- The receiver extracts the information from the signal.-- The information is applied to a transmitter, which transmits a new radio signal to the next station.
How the modem change the analog signal?
MODEM stands for modulator/demodulator. Outgoing it modulates a carrier wave with information and transmits this data on a wire or through the air. When it receives a modulated signal it demodulates the signal and separates out the information.
Is saying that a device transmits a signal correct?
Yes, it is correct
What are neurontransmitters?
a chemical that transmits a nervous systems signal across a synapse.
What molecules store information needed to manufacture protein?
The chromosome. It is very long single thread of DNA. There are many genes, which signal production of the protein molecules.
Which frequency signal does the mobile phone transmits continuously?
None, as it doesn't transmit continuously.
The chemical that transmits the signal across the neuromuscular junction is called?
Acetylcholine
How can signal be amplified?
Signal amplification is when receptor proteins interact with molecules known as signal molecules. This makes the signals stronger so that things get done more quickly.
How do signal molecules change how a cell will function?
Signal molecules act as a neurotransmitter or a hormone, which both effect how a cell functions.
