What types of evolution are there?

Answer 1

Basically, there's only one type: the shifting in allele frequencies in populations over the generations, driven by reproductive variation, differential reproductive success, and various molecular mechanisms in genetics.

There are however numerous distinct phenomena associated with this mechanism, and different patterns to the way it affects populations, depending on circumstances. If one looks at the different 'modes' of speciation, for instance, even though they all follow from the same basic mechanisms, there are allopatric speciation, peripatric speciation, parapatric speciation, and sympatric speciation, each achieving the same thing through the same mechanisms but via slightly different paths.

Answer 2

There are two main types of evolution: microevolution and macroevolution. Microevolution involves changes within a species over a relatively short period of time, typically through processes like natural selection and genetic drift. Macroevolution, on the other hand, involves larger changes over longer periods, leading to the formation of new species or higher taxonomic groups.