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That would be the sphincter muscles in the eye that surround the pupil and contract in order to widen it and allow in as much light as possible.

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Why should he light be dimmed when looking at living nearly transparent cells?

Dimming the light when looking at living nearly transparent cells helps to reduce glare and improve contrast, making it easier to see the cells clearly. Excessive light can wash out details and make it difficult to distinguish fine structures within the cells. Dimming the light allows for better visibility and can enhance the quality of observations when studying transparent cells.


Why should microscope light be dimmed when viewing living nearly transparent cells?

Human A&P Lab manual (cat version), N. Marieb, Pg. 346. "Place the slide on the stage, and locate the cells at the lowest power. You will probably want to dim the light with the iris diaphragm to provide more contrast for viewing the lightly stained cells. Furthermore, a wet mount will dry out quickly in bright light because a bright light source is hot." The answer I believe is 'to provide more contrast'


Why does it takes time to see in a dimly lit room when you enter from a brightly lit area?

Your eyes are very clever pieces of equipment. The amount of light in a dark room compared to sun light is 1000s of times different, so your eyes need to adjust to the amount of light to allow you to see things. In the dark, it will increase the size of your iris, which lets light in to the eye. When its bright, the iris shrinks to let a smaller amount of light through. The increasing and decreasing of the iris can take several seconds to adjust which is why at first you cant see anything in a dark room. If too much light enters the eye, it will permanently damage the light sensors (the rentner) at the back of your eye render you blind.