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Epithelial cells are the individual cells of an epithelium, which is a layer of cells forming the surface of a structure or an inner lining.

For example, there is an epithelium lining the alimentary canal (gut), and another lining the alveoli of the lungs. Human skin also consists of epithelial cells.

There are different types of epithelial cells, classified mainly on to their shape, such as columnar and cuboidal. An epithelium may have secretory cells (glands) incorporated in it, such as the mucous cells of the alveolar epithelium.

Where an epithelium forms an inner lining of a blood or lymph vessel, it is called an endothelium.

Epithelial cells can also be organized into glands and organs and are referred to as glandular tissue.

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